Abstract: A battery includes a plurality of flat type batteries and a connector member that electrically connect the plurality of flat type batteries to one another. Each of the plurality of flat type batteries is provided with an outer sheath having a composite laminate film, an electric power generating component, which includes a positive electrode plate, a separator and a negative electrode plate and is accommodated in the outer sheath by compelling at least a part of a circumference of the outer sheath to be joined by thermally welded portions, a positive-electrode terminal lead conductive with the positive electrode plate and held between the thermally welded portions, and a negative-electrode terminal lead conductive with the negative electrode plate and held between the thermally welded portions. At least one of the positive-electrode terminal lead and the negative-electrode terminal lead has a surface covering layer made of a metal different from that of its terminal mother material.

Abstract: In a process for producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by esterifying a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid and a lower olefin into a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester using an acid catalyst in a vapor phase, when the system is controlled to contain substantially no acetylene compounds, the deterioration of the catalyst can be remarkably prevented from proceeding and in turn a stable operation can be continuously performed for a long time.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound, method and composition of treating or preventing viral infections, in particular, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, in human patients or other animal hosts, comprising the administration of N4-acylcytosine-1,3-dioxolane and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for the preparation of compounds having the structure: wherein X and Y are same or different, and H, OH, OR, SH, SR, NH2, NHR?, or NR?R? Z is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, or NH2. R is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl of C1-C6 or aralkyl, NO2, NH2, NHR?, NR?R?, OH, OR, SH, SR, CN, CONH2, CSNH2, CO2H, CO2R?, CH2CO2H, CH2CO2R?, CH?CHR, CH2CH?CHR, or C?CR. R? and R? are same or different, and lower alkyl of C1-C6.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel processes for preparing 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides of general formula I and II: wherein B is a purine or pyrimidine base or an analog or derivative thereof. The invention also provides intermediates for use in the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: A bipolar battery of the present invention includes a battery element composed by stacking in series a plurality of bipolar electrodes, in each of which a positive electrode is formed on one surface of a collector and a negative electrode is formed on the other surface, with electrolytes interposed therebetween. Further, the bipolar battery includes laminate films covering the battery element, each of the laminate films containing a metal layer, and tabs composed by being extracted from the battery element to outsides of the laminate films. In the bipolar battery, thickness of a resin layer interposed between the tab and the metal layer is equal to or more than thickness of the tab.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a composition for and a method of treating Flaviviridae (Hepacivirus, Flavivirus, Pestivirus) infections, including BVDV and HCV, in a host, including animals, and especially humans, using a small molecule or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug.

Abstract: A bipolar battery includes a bipolar electrode and an electrolyte layer. The bipolar electrode includes a current collector, a positive electrode layer formed on one surface of the current collector, and a negative electrode layer formed on the other surface of the current collector. The bipolar electrode is sequentially laminated to provide connection in series via the electrolyte layer to form a stack structure. The positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer and the electrolyte layer are potted with a resin portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and composition of treating or preventing viral infections, in particular, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, in human patients or other animal hosts, comprising the administration of N4-acyl-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine or N4-acyl-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester comprising reacting a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid and a lower olefin in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the raw materials contain substantially no halogens. The catalyst used can be remarkably prevented from deteriorating and a stable operation of the process can be continuously performed for an extended period.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel bicyclic tris(anhydride)s useful as intermediates in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and the compounds which may be synthesized from such intermediates.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the production of a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by reacting a lower olefin and a lower aliphatic acid ester in a gas phase, which catalyst has been decreased in activity through use, is regenerated by heating to be recovered in activity. The regenerated catalyst is reused for the production of a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel processes for preparing 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides of general formula I and II: 1

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug, and its composition and method of use to treat Flaviviridae (Hepacivirus, Flavivirus, and Pestivirus) infections in a host, including animals, and especially humans.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel bicyclic tris(anhydride)s useful as intermediates in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and the compounds which may be synthesized from such intermediates.

Abstract: The invention is a compound, composition, use for and a method of treating Flaviviridae (Hepacivirus, Flavirius, Pestivirus) infections, including BVDV and HCV, or abnormal cellular proliferation, including malignant tumors, in a host including animals, and especially humans, using a &bgr;-D or &bgr;-L nucleoside of general formula (I)-(XX), or their pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A battery of the present invention is provided with positive and negative terminals led out of the battery and one or more sealing members filled between the positive and negative terminals and the battery. Each of the sealing members is provided with one or more resin layers, each of which is provided with one or more non-molecular-oriented resin layers.

Abstract: A battery comprises at least two unit cells. Each of the at least two unit cells is provided with an outer sheath film composed of polymer-metal composite material, a positive-electrode current collector, a negative-electrode current collector, a separator disposed between the positive-electrode current collector and the negative-electrode current collector, one positive electrode tab to which the positive-electrode current collector is connected and protruding from a first sealed portion of the outer sheath film, one negative electrode tab to which the negative-electrode current collector is connected and protruding from a second sealed portion of the outer sheath film, a first polymer layer disposed between the positive electrode tab and the outer sheath film, and a second polymer layer disposed between the negative electrode tab and the outer sheath film.

Abstract: A battery includes connector members and a plurality of unit cells connected in parallel through the connector members. Each of the plurality of unit cells having a gradient in a curve of an open circuit voltage with respect to a depth of discharge such that depths of discharge of the plurality of the unit cells are balanced in level to one another.

Abstract: A battery includes a plurality of flat type batteries and a connector member that electrically connect the plurality of flat type batteries to one another. Each of the plurality of flat type batteries is provided with an outer sheath having a composite laminate film, an electric power generating component, which includes a positive electrode plate, a separator and a negative electrode plate and is accommodated in the outer sheath by compelling at least a part of a circumference of the outer sheath to be joined by thermally welded portions, a positive-electrode terminal lead conductive with the positive electrode plate and held between the thermally welded portions, and a negative-electrode terminal lead conductive with the negative electrode plate and held between the thermally welded portions. At least one of the positive-electrode terminal lead and the negative-electrode terminal lead has a surface covering layer made of a metal different from that of its terminal mother material.