Abstract: A semiconductor-chip mounting substrate with a high degree of reliability of an electrical connection between a substrate and a semiconductor chip such as IC chips is provided. The substrate has at least one projection thereon, which is integrally molded with the substrate. A conductive layer is formed on the projection to obtain a first bump. The semiconductor chip has a terminal projecting as a second bump on its surface. The semiconductor chip is mounted on the substrate such that the first bump contacts the second bump. A required contact pressure between the first bump and the second bump is held by use of a pressure holding means.

Abstract: A semiconductor-chip mounting substrate with a high degree of reliability of an electrical connection between a substrate and a semiconductor chip such as IC chips is provided. The substrate has at least one projection thereon, which is integrally molded with the substrate. A conductive layer is formed on the projection to obtain a first bump. The semiconductor chip has a terminal projecting as a second bump on its surface. The semiconductor chip is mounted on the substrate such that the first bump contacts the second bump. A required contact pressure between the first bump and the second bump is held by use of a pressure holding means.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride sintered product with a high thermal conductivity (at least 100 W/m.K) can be prepared at a sintering temperature of less than 1850.degree. C. (often less than 1650.degree. C.) using a sinterable combination of aluminum nitride powder with at least three sintering aids. The sintering aids include a source of a rare earth metal oxide, a source of an alkaline earth metal oxide, a boron source and, optionally, a source of aluminum oxide. The sinterable combinations may also be used to prepare cofired, multilayer substrates.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride (AlN) sintered product with a high thermal conductivity of 120 W/m.multidot.k or above can be produced at a relatively low sintering temperature of 1650.degree. C. or below in accordance with the following process of the present invention. That is, an A1N powder having a specific surface in a region of about 3.5 to 8 m.sup.2 /g and an oxygen content between 0.5 to 1.8 wt % is mixed with optimum additive amounts of sintering aids (I) to (III) to obtain a mixture powder. The sintering aid (I) is at least one selected from the group consisting of rare earth oxides and rare earth compounds which are converted to corresponding rare earth oxides by the sintering. The sintering aid (II) is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth oxides and alkaline earth compounds which are converted to corresponding alkaline earth oxides by the sintering. The sintering aid (III) is at least one selected from the group consisting of LAB.sub.6, NbC, and WB.

Abstract: A change-over valve including a valve housing defining an inlet port for receiving fluid from a fluid pressure supply, a first outlet port for feeding operating fluid to a first fluid responsive actuator, a second outlet port for feeding operating fluid to a second fluid responsive actuator, and drain port means for draining fluid to a fluid reservoir; and a spool retained by the housing and movable therein between first and second positions, the housing and the spool in its first position providing communication between the inlet port and the first outlet port and preventing communication between the inlet port and the second outlet port, and the housing and the spool in its second position providing communication between the inlet port and the second outlet port, and preventing communication between the inlet port and the first outlet port.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solenoid-operated selector valve adapted for control of hydraulic clutches such as of a tractor. The selector valve has four ports and can assume two positions. The selector valve includes a spool having an axially extending hole. A piston and a sequence valve are held in this hole. The sequence valve can relieve the pressure. The hole is in communication with the outside of the spool via first through third radially extending holes. The pressure inside one cylinder port which is normally connected with the pump port is maintained constant even when the engaged clutch is being switched to the other. This pressure is not reduced down to zero until the pressure inside the other cylinder port reaches a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A solenoid for an electromagnetic valve which has an exciting coil, a tubular hollow inner housing with a shaft sleeve portion thereof disposed within the coil, a tubular slide guide having a bottom made of a non-magnetic material which is contained within the housing, a stopper with a stationary shaft portion fitted in an opening end of the slide guide, and a plunger slidably contained within the slide guide which is defined by the end face of the shaft portion and the bottom marginal portion of the slide guide.

Abstract: An alkali monofluorophosphate expressed by the formula M.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F, where M represents Na or K, can readily be synthesized under a relatively mild reaction condition by making HF gas contact with powdery or fine granular M.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7 or M.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 placed in a reaction vessel and maintained at a temperature in the range from about 200.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C., and more preferably in the range of 280.degree.-360.degree. C. It is suitable to make HF gas continuously flow into and pass through the reaction vessel until the total quantity of HF flowed into the vessel amounts to 100 to 150% of the theoretical value for conversion of M.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7 or M.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 to M.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F.

Abstract: A process of preparing calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydride suitable as a raw material for phosphate phosphors, wherein CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O is precipitated by mixing aqueous solutions of NaNH.sub.4 HPO.sub.4.4H.sub.2 O and CaCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O at 5.degree.-40.degree. C. An entire quantity of CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O to be converted to CaHPO.sub.4 in one batch is put into an acidified water maintained above 80.degree. C. all at once. Crystalline CaHPO.sub.4 is obtained through agitation of a resultant hot slurry for a few minutes. Crystal habit of the product depends on the pH of the hot water: lozenge-shaped plates when the pH is below 3.4, parallelogram plates in the pH range of 3.4-4.4, and square or rectangular plates when the pH is above 4.4. The particle size of CaHPO.sub.4 depends on the water temperature and the degree of agitation. To precipitate CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O in the presence of suitable quantity of seed crystals is effective for minimizing the Na content of CaHPO.sub.4.