Abstract: To overcome the problem that a device performance is degraded by the edge roughness of a photoresist pattern, a mixture of polynuclear phenol compounds having, in one molecule, 0 to 6 functional groups which are chemically converted due to actions of an acid with the solubility in an alkaline developer reduced is used as a material for photoresist. In the mixture, two or more triphenyl methane structures are bonded to portions other than the functional group in the nonconjugated state. Furthermore, the mixture comprises polynuclear compounds with the average number of functional groups of 2.5 or below and includes the polynuclear compounds not having any functional group per molecule by 15% or less in the term of weight ratio, and the polynuclear phenol compounds having 3 or more functional groups per molecule by 40% or less.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes an insulating member, first and second electrodes formed in one plane of the insulating member, and a conductive layer having an electrochromic material providing continuity with the first and second electrodes. A gap between the first and second electrodes is insulated.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus includes a multilayer information recording medium having a first layer containing an electro-chromic material, an electrode layer applying a voltage to the first layer to color the first layer, a second layer containing an electro-chromic material, a unit for applying the voltage to the first layer, a first optical irradiating unit for irradiating a first optical spot onto the first layer, and a second optical irradiating unit for irradiating a second optical spot onto the second layer after irradiating the first optical spot onto the first layer.

Abstract: An information recording method and information recording apparatus is capable of resolving the trade-off relation between recording density and transmittance, wherein either the reproduction (playback) signal quality or the recording sensitivity is lowered. For this purpose, a voltage is applied by way of ball bearings or slip rings to a specified layer of a medium having multiple layers. The light transmittance of the recording layer is changed by application of this voltage. The tradeoff relationship between recording density and transmittance is eliminated thereby, and the recording density and transmittance levels are both improved, so as to enhance the recording reliability.

Abstract: A method for isolating and purifying nucleic acids with an improved recovery yield is provided. A mixed solution containing the nucleic acids, salts, and an organic solvent is contacted with an adsorption support to cause the nucleic acids to be adsorbed on the support. Then, the nucleic acids are desorbed from the support using an elution bugger. At least one compound containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms as selected from the group consisting of aliphatic ether, aliphatic ester, and aliphatic ketone is used as the organic solvent. The method improves the yield of nucleic acids collection, is easy to implement and less susceptible to contamination.

Abstract: With the tendency of reducing the size of semiconductor circuit patterns, edge roughness on a resist pattern is increased when pattern dimensions required are close to the size of the resist molecules. The present invention provides a technique for preventing degradation of the device performance and negative effects over the system performance caused by the phenomena. A photoresist compound is used, which is a molecule having functional groups that are chemically converted due to an action of an acid with reduced solubility in alkaline developer.

Abstract: This invention provides an electrochromic device which has superior coloration repeat properties, high light transmittance and small thickness. A film is provided comprising a first electrode and second electrode in the same plane, and an electrochromic region and electrolyte region laminated in this plane. The electrochromic region is provided on the second electrode, the electrolyte region is provided on the first electrode, and the boundary between the electrochromic region and electrolyte region lies in the planar direction of the film.

Abstract: An electrochromic device with high transmittance is for use as a display device. The electrochromic device includes at least a first and a second electrode formed on an insulative substrate and a conductive layer formed in contact with the insulative substrate, the first electrode, and the second electrode. Since an electrode layer functions in one layer, the transmittance through the device is enhanced, and the device can be fabricated in a simple process, allowing a reduction in the device fabrication costs.

Abstract: Obtaining an information recording medium having excellent coloring cycle characteristics and high light transmittance, a read/write method and a read/write device thereof. An information recording medium formed on an insulating substrate having a conductive layer, which includes the first and second electrodes insulated from each other, a power supply to apply a voltage to the aforementioned first and second electrodes, and an electrochromic material providing continuity with the aforementioned first and second electrodes. An information recording medium having excellent coloring cycle characteristics and high light transmittance, a read/write method and a read/write device thereof are obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith is a method for enabling fast and high density recording of information. A voltage is applied to a recording layer formed between a pair of electrodes. The distance between the pair of electrodes is set wider at one of land and groove areas of a subject optical disk and narrower at the other, or the disk has multi-recording layer structure and light absorption occurs only in the layer on which coloring voltage is applied. The optical disk is provided with a layer of which light absorption spectrum changes according to the application of voltage, thereby absorbing the light. The layer may be the recording layer itself or a layer adjacent to the recording layer. Because a heat generates only in a selected area of the optical disk at the time of recording, the disk can also avoid cross-talks between layers during reading and can be turned rapidly and permissively to the auto focusing and tracking offsets, thereby enabling fast and high density recording.

Abstract: An information recording medium and manufacturing method for high-speed and high density recording. An inorganic film is formed by sputtering while applying a bias voltage to shift the substrate voltage potential in the negative direction, or a laminated film is formed by applying energy after coating a substrate with an organic film, and the irregularities maintained even after the laminated film is formed, so that stable, high-capacity and high-speed recording can be attained by forming a multi-information-layer that still retains the irregularities.

Abstract: A method for isolating and purifying nucleic acids with an improved recovery yield is provided. A mixed solution containing the nucleic acids, salts, and an organic solvent is contacted with an adsorption support to cause the nucleic acids to be adsorbed on the support. Then, the nucleic acids are desorbed from the support using an elution buffer. At least one compound containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms as selected from the group consisting of aliphatic ether, aliphatic ester, and aliphatic ketone is used as the organic solvent. The method improves the yield of nucleic acids collection, is easy to implement and less susceptible to contamination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information-recording medium for recording and reproducing information by using light and a method for recording information for the purpose of high-speed and high-density recording. The medium has a structural unit having a conductive polymer layer and an electrolyte layer sandwiched by a pair of electrode layers, each of which contains a thermally decomposable or crosslinkable compound. The medium described above allows high-speed rotation of the medium as it has a narrower range heated during recording and is more tolerant of displacement of auto-focusing or tracking, and also allows high-speed and high-density recording. The medium also allows lamination of multiple layers and easier selection of layers therein.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith is a method for enabling fast and high density recording of information. A voltage is applied to a recording layer formed between a pair of electrodes. The distance between the pair of electrodes is set wider at one of land and groove areas of a subject optical disk and narrower at the other or the distance is set so that light absorption occurs only in either of the land and groove areas. The optical disk is also provided with a layer of which light absorption spectrum changes according to the application of an electric current, thereby absorbing the light. The new layer may be the recording layer itself or a layer adjacent to the recording layer. Because a heat generates only from a small area of the optical disk at the time of recording, the disk can be turned rapidly and permissively to the auto focusing and tracking offsets, thereby enabling fast and high density recording. The disk can thus be formed with easily selectable multiple layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information recording medium for recording and reproducing information using light and an information recording method to attain high-speed recording and high-density recording. An electrolyte layer 2 is sandwiched by the first conductive polymer layer (an electrochromic layer) 1 comprising a conductive polymer electrochromic material and the second electrolyte layer 7, and both sides of the first and the second conductive polymer layers are sandwiched by electrode layers 3 and 4. The heat generation area in recording is so narrow that some drift in auto-focusing and tracking is allowable, which enables high-speed rotation leading to high-speed recording and high-density recording.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus includes a multilayer information recording medium having a first layer containing an electro-chromic material, an electrode layer applying a voltage to the first layer to color the first layer, a second layer containing an electro-chromic material, a unit for applying the voltage to the first layer, a first optical irradiating unit for irradiating a first optical spot onto the first layer, and a second optical irradiating unit for irradiating a second optical spot onto the second layer after irradiating the first optical spot onto the first layer.

Abstract: An information recording method and information recording apparatus is capable of resolving the trade-off relation between recording density and transmittance, wherein either the reproduction (playback) signal quality or the recording sensitivity is lowered. For this purpose, a voltage is applied by way of ball bearings or slip rings to a specified layer of a medium having multiple layers. The light transmittance of the recording layer is changed by application of this voltage. The tradeoff relationship between recording density and transmittance is eliminated thereby, and the recording density and transmittance levels are both improved, so as to enhance the recording reliability.

Abstract: An ion source using a corona discharge for ionizing a sample at high efficient is provided. In the corona discharge generated at a tip end of a needle electrode by application of high voltage thereto, the direction in which the sample is introduced to the region of corona discharge and the direction in which ions are drawn out of the corona discharge region are substantially opposed to each other to improve the efficiency of ionization and to maintain a stable discharge for a long period of time.

Abstract: The information recording medium accosting to the preferred embodiment of the present invention achieves high-speed, high-density recording. The layer, in which ultra-particles made from an optical absorption metal, dielectric, or recording material are formed into regular arrays, is deposited. Resonant Plasmon excitation and resonance absorption of ultra-particles enable the edges of the recorded marks to be identified clearly and intense absorption to occur only in the given layer depending on the wavelength in the case of the multi-layer medium achieving high-density, large-capacity recording.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides methods and instruments for fluorescence detection making it possible to separate and detect analytes of a plurality of species in a migration (separation) channel with length of the order of millimeters. Analyte samples disperse across the whole detection region of a migration channel filled with a sieving matrix. Electrodes located in contact with a power supply and the sieving matrix cause the analytes to electophoretically migrate at predetermined velocity V. The detection region is irradiated by excitation light whose intensity changes in a cycle equaling pitch p in the direction that the analytes move. Fluorescence emission from the analytes exposed to the excitation light is detected by a detector. Fluctuation &dgr;i (t) of output current from the detector is analyzed by a spectrum analyzer and the obtained spectrum is displayed.