Abstract: An object is to provide a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency which includes a novel carbazole derivative that has a wide energy gap and can be used for a transport layer or a host material in a light-emitting element. A carbazole derivative in which the 4-position of dibenzothiophene or dibenzofuran is bonded to the 2- or 3-position of carbazole has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative. Further, a light-emitting element having high emission efficiency has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative.

Abstract: A substance having a hole-transport property and a wide band gap is provided. A fluorene compound represented by a general formula (G1) is provided. In the general formula (G1), ?1 and ?2 separately represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms; Ar1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzothiophenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzofuranyl group; n and k separately represent 0 or 1; Q1 represents sulfur or oxygen; and R1 to R15 separately represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The gas nozzle comprises: an outer tube part that is provided in an upright position with respect to the liquid surface of molten metal; an inner tube part provided inside the outer tube part, comprising a cavity inside, through which a wire rod pulled up from the molten metal passes; a void part formed between the outer tube part and the inner tube part; a gas introduction part for introducing gas into the void part; and a jetting port for jetting at least part of the gas introduced by the gas introduction part, via the void part, from one end of the outer tube part towards the liquid surface of the molten metal.

Abstract: An organic compound having a low HOMO level and a high hole-transport property is provided. The organic compound is represented by Formula (G1), where Ar1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, Ar2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and A1 represents any one of a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group. The low HOMO level and the high hole-transport property of the organic compound allow the formation of an exciplex with another organic compound, which leads to a highly efficient light-emitting element in the presence of a phosphorescent compound due to the effective overlapping between the emission of the exciplex and the longest absorption band of the phosphorescent compound.

Abstract: An object is to provide a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency which includes a novel carbazole derivative that has a wide energy gap and can be used for a transport layer or a host material in a light-emitting element. A carbazole derivative in which the 4-position of dibenzothiophene or dibenzofuran is bonded to the 2- or 3-position of carbazole has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative. Further, a light-emitting element having high emission efficiency has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative.

Abstract: An audio indication of a message recipient is received from a user who desires that a message be sent to the message recipient. The audio indication is analyzed to determine the recipient and searching an electronic database for an account of the recipient. Information is retrieved from the electronic account. The retrieved information indicates at one or more modes of message delivery to the recipient. An audio guide for the user based is constructed upon the retrieved information. The audio guide includes one or more audio prompts that are entirely customizable and not based upon a predetermined pattern. The user is sequentially prompted with the audio prompts to select at least one of the modes of message delivery. The message is constructed and sent to the recipient according to the selected mode of message delivery.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel carbazole derivative that has an excellent carrier-transport property and can be suitably used for a transport layer or as a host material of a light-emitting element. Another object is to provide an organic semiconductor material and a light-emitting element material each using the carbazole derivative. As the carbazole derivative that can achieve the above objects, a carbazole derivative in which a carbazolyl group whose either 2- or 3-position of carbazole is substituted by the 4-position of a dibenzothiophene skeleton or a dibenzofuran skeleton is bonded to aromatic hydrocarbon that has 14 to 70 carbon atoms and includes a condensed tricyclic ring, a condensed tetracyclic ring, a condensed pentacyclic ring, a condensed hexacyclic ring, or a condensed heptacyclic ring has been able to be synthesized.

Abstract: An object is to provide a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency which includes a novel carbazole derivative that has a wide energy gap and can be used for a transport layer or a host material in a light-emitting element. A carbazole derivative in which the 4-position of dibenzothiophene or dibenzofuran is bonded to the 2- or 3-position of carbazole has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative. Further, a light-emitting element having high emission efficiency has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative.

Abstract: A light-emitting element having a long lifetime is provided. A light-emitting element exhibiting high emission efficiency in a high luminance region is provided. A light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes. The light-emitting layer contains a first organic compound, a second organic compound, and a phosphorescent compound. The first organic compound is represented by a general formula (G0). The molecular weight of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 500 and less than or equal to 2000. The second organic compound is a compound having an electron-transport property. In the general formula (G0), Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent a fluorenyl group, a spirofluorenyl group, or a biphenyl group, and Ar3 represents a substituent including a carbazole skeleton.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel carbazole derivative that has an excellent carrier-transport property and can be suitably used for a transport layer or as a host material of a light-emitting element. Another object is to provide an organic semiconductor material and a light-emitting element material each using the carbazole derivative. As the carbazole derivative that can achieve the above objects, a carbazole derivative in which a carbazolyl group whose either 2- or 3-position of carbazole is substituted by the 4-position of a dibenzothiophene skeleton or a dibenzofuran skeleton is bonded to aromatic hydrocarbon that has 14 to 70 carbon atoms and includes a condensed tricyclic ring, a condensed tetracyclic ring, a condensed pentacyclic ring, a condensed hexacyclic ring, or a condensed heptacyclic ring has been able to be synthesized.

Abstract: An audio indication of a message recipient is received from a user who desires that a message be sent to the message recipient. The audio indication is analyzed to determine the recipient and searching an electronic database for an account of the recipient. Information is retrieved from the electronic account. The retrieved information indicates at one or more modes of message delivery to the recipient. An audio guide for the user based is constructed upon the retrieved information. The audio guide includes one or more audio prompts that are entirely customizable and not based upon a predetermined pattern. The user is sequentially prompted with the audio prompts to select at least one of the modes of message delivery. The message is constructed and sent to the recipient according to the selected mode of message delivery.

Abstract: To provide a novel heterocyclic compound that can be used as a host material in which a light-emitting substance of a light-emitting layer is dispersed. A heterocyclic compound comprising a dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline ring and two hole-transport skeletons, where the dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline ring and the two hole-transport skeletons are bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. A heterocyclic compound represented by the following general formula (G1) is provided. Note that in the formula, A1 and A2 each independently represent any of a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran skeleton, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophen skeleton; B represents a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline skeleton; and Ar represents an arene skeleton having 6 to 13 carbon atoms. A light-emitting element including the heterocyclic compound is provided.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes an EL layer between a pair of electrodes. The EL layer contains a first compound and a second compound. The first compound is a phosphorescent iridium metal complex having a LUMO level of greater than or equal to ?3.5 eV and less than or equal to ?2.5 eV, and the second compound is an organic compound having a pyrimidine skeleton. The light-emitting element includes an EL layer between a pair of electrodes. The EL layer contains a first compound and a second compound. The first compound is a phosphorescent iridium metal complex having a diazine skeleton, and the second compound is an organic compound having a pyrimidine skeleton.

Abstract: An audio indication of a recipient for a message is received, the message to be sent by a user to the recipient. An electronic database is searched for the recipient. When the recipient is found in the electronic database, information is determined from the electronic database concerning the recipient. An audio prompt is formed including at least some of the information concerning the recipient that was obtained from the electronic database.

Abstract: An object is to provide a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency which includes a novel carbazole derivative that has a wide energy gap and can be used for a transport layer or a host material in a light-emitting element. A carbazole derivative in which the 4-position of dibenzothiophene or dibenzofuran is bonded to the 2- or 3-position of carbazole has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative. Further, a light-emitting element having high emission efficiency has been able to be provided by use of the carbazole derivative.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel carbazole derivative that has an excellent carrier-transport property and can be suitably used for a transport layer or as a host material of a light-emitting element. Another object is to provide an organic semiconductor material and a light-emitting element material each using the carbazole derivative. As the carbazole derivative that can achieve the above objects, a carbazole derivative in which a carbazolyl group whose either 2- or 3-position of carbazole is substituted by the 4-position of a dibenzothiophene skeleton or a dibenzofuran skeleton is bonded to aromatic hydrocarbon that has 14 to 70 carbon atoms and includes a condensed tricyclic ring, a condensed tetracyclic ring, a condensed pentacyclic ring, a condensed hexacyclic ring, or a condensed heptacyclic ring has been able to be synthesized.

Abstract: A substance having a hole-transport property and a wide band gap is provided. A fluorene compound represented by a general formula (G1) is provided. In the general formula (G1), ?1 and ?2 separately represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms; Ar1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzothiophenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 4-dibenzofuranyl group; n and k separately represent 0 or 1; Q1 represents sulfur or oxygen; and R1 to R15 separately represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An audio indication of a recipient for a message is received, the message to be sent by a user to the recipient. An electronic database is searched for the recipient. When the recipient is found in the electronic database, information is determined from the electronic database concerning the recipient. An audio prompt is formed including at least some of the information concerning the recipient that was obtained from the electronic database.

Abstract: A method comprising receiving a request to compose a message; outputting a first prompt requesting a recipient for the message; receiving a first audible response to the first prompt, the first audible response including a recipient of the message; outputting a second prompt requesting a body for the message; receiving a second audible response to the second prompt, the second audible response including a body of the message; and composing the message. An electronic device for voice messaging comprising an audible guide module for audibly prompting a user for recipient information and for audibly prompting a user for message information; a voice recognition module for interpreting received responses to the audible prompt for the recipient information and the audible prompt for the message information; and a message compiler module for creating a message from the responses to the audible prompt for the recipient information and the audible prompt for the message information.

Abstract: A system and method for allowing a sender to use a generic message entry form for all messaging systems, including email, instant messaging, and the like. The user enters the recipient's name and the message, and a dispatch server intelligently routes the message to the recipient using an appropriate messaging engine.