Abstract: A moving picture decoding apparatus for decoding a current block of a picture is provided. A motion vector candidate list includes motion vector candidates. Each motion vector candidate includes a value. A second candidate is arranged before a first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the value of the first candidate and the value of the second candidate. An index identifying a motion vector candidate from the motion vector candidate list is decoded, and the current block is generated using the identified motion vector candidate. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate, and the value is based on a number of times the candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: writing, into a sequence parameter set, buffer description defining information for defining a plurality of buffer descriptions; writing, into the sequence parameter set, reference list description defining information for defining a plurality of reference list descriptions corresponding to the buffer descriptions; and writing, into a first header of each processing unit which is included in a coded bitstream, buffer description selecting information for specifying a selected buffer description.

Abstract: A moving picture coding includes: coding a first flag indicating whether or not temporal motion vector prediction is used; when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is used: coding a first parameter for calculating the temporal predictive motion vector; wherein when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is not used, the first parameter is not coded.

Abstract: A decoding method and apparatus are provided. A first candidate having a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block, a first prediction direction that corresponds to the first motion vector, and a first reference picture index that identifies a first reference picture is derived. A second candidate having a second motion vector that has been used to decode a second block, a second prediction direction that corresponds to the second motion vector, and a second reference picture index that identifies a second reference picture is derived. When a total number of candidates is less than a maximum number, a third candidate is derived by combining the first motion vector and the first reference picture index for the first prediction direction of the first candidate and the second motion vector and the second reference picture index for the second prediction direction of the second candidate.

Abstract: A method of encoding video including: writing a plurality of predetermined buffer descriptions into a sequence parameter set of a coded video bitstream; writing a plurality of updating parameters into a slice header of the coded video bitstream for selecting and modifying one buffer description out of the plurality of buffer descriptions; and encoding a slice into the coded video bitstream using the slice header and the modified buffer description.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes: dividing a current block into sub-blocks; deriving, for each sub-block, one or more prediction information candidates; obtaining an index; and decoding the current block using the prediction information candidate selected by the index.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: performing context arithmetic coding to consecutively code (i) first information indicating whether or not to perform sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing for a first region of an image and (ii) second information indicating whether or not to use, in the SAO processing for the first region, information on SAO processing for a region other than the first region, the context arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a variable probability, the SAO processing being offset processing on a pixel value; and performing bypass arithmetic coding to code other information which is information on the SAO processing for the first region and different from the first information or the second information, after the first information and the second information are coded, the bypass arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a fixed probability.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus for coding a current block is provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to code a first block, and it is determined whether a total number of candidates including the first candidate is less than a maximum candidate number. A second candidate having a second motion vector is derived when the total number of the candidates is less than the maximum candidate number, with the second motion vector including a zero vector. A candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates including the first candidate and the second candidate, and the current block is decoded using the selected candidate.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: A method of performing motion vector prediction for a current block in a picture is provided which includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector predictor to code a current motion vector of the current block, from a first motion vector of a first block that is spatially adjacent or temporally adjacent to the current block; adding the derived candidate to a list of candidates; and deriving at least one motion vector predictor based on a selected candidate from the list of candidates, wherein the deriving of the candidate includes determining whether to derive the candidate from the first motion vector, based on a type of a current reference picture and a type of a first reference picture, the current reference picture being referred to from the current block using the current motion vector, the first reference picture being referred to from the first block using the first motion vector.

Abstract: A transmitting method for transmitting a bitstream to a terminal is provided. The bit stream is generated by coding a current block of a picture and has an index for identifying a motion vector candidate from a motion vector candidate list. The motion vector candidate list is generated and includes motion vector candidates and a value for each motion vector candidate. A second candidate is arranged before a first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the values of the first and second candidates. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate. For each motion vector candidate, the value is based on a number of times the motion vector candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: A method of encoding video including: writing a plurality of predetermined buffer descriptions into a sequence parameter set of a coded video bitstream; writing a plurality of updating parameters into a slice header of the coded video bitstream for selecting and modifying one buffer description out of the plurality of buffer descriptions; and encoding a slice into the coded video bitstream using the slice header and the modified buffer description.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: selecting a first picture from plural pictures; setting a first temporal motion vector prediction flag which is associated with the first picture and is a temporal motion vector prediction flag indicating whether or not temporal motion vector prediction is to be used, to indicate that the temporal motion vector prediction is not to be used, and coding the first temporal motion vector prediction flag; coding the first picture without using the temporal motion vector prediction; and coding a second picture which follows the first picture in coding order, with referring to a motion vector of a picture preceding the first picture in coding order being prohibited.

Abstract: The image coding method includes: determining a context in a current block in the image, from among a plurality of contexts; and performing arithmetic coding on the control parameter for the current block to generate a bitstream corresponding to the current block, wherein in the determining: the context is determined under a condition that control parameters of neighboring blocks of the current block are used, when the signal type is a first type, the neighboring blocks being a left block and an upper block of the current block; and the context is determined under a condition that the control parameter of the upper block is not used, when the signal type is a second type, and the second type is (i) “merge_flag”, (ii) “ref_idx_l0” or “ref_idx_l1”, (iii) “inter_pred_flag”, (iv) “mvd_l0” or “mvd_l1”, (v) “no_residual_data_flag”, (vi) “intra_chroma_pred_mode”, (vii) “cbf_luma”, and (viii) “cbf_cb” or “cbf_cr”.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector predictor from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector predictor from the list; and coding a current block and coding a current motion vector, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: performing context arithmetic coding to consecutively code (i) first information indicating whether or not to perform sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing for a first region of an image and (ii) second information indicating whether or not to use, in the SAO processing for the first region, information on SAO processing for a region other than the first region, the context arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a variable probability, the SAO processing being offset processing on a pixel value; and performing bypass arithmetic coding to code other information which is information on the SAO processing for the first region and different from the first information or the second information, after the first information and the second information are coded, the bypass arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a fixed probability.

Abstract: An image encoding method including: a constraint information generating step of generating tile constraint information indicating whether or not there is a constraint in filtering on boundaries between adjacent tiles among a plurality of tiles obtained by dividing a picture, and storing the tile constraint information into a sequence parameter set; and a filter information generating step of generating, for each of the boundaries, one of a plurality of filter information items respectively indicating whether or not filtering is executed on the boundaries, and storing the plurality of filter information items into a plurality of picture parameter sets, wherein, in the filter information generating step, the plurality of filter information items which indicate identical content are generated when the tile constraint information indicates that there is the constraint in the filtering.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for decoding last position information indicating a horizontal position and a vertical position of a last non-zero coefficient in a predetermined order within a current block to be decoded, the current block being included in a picture and including a plurality of coefficients. The apparatus includes one or more processors, a communication unit, and storage coupled to the one or more processors and the communication unit. The communication unit is configured to transmit a request for a bitstream to an external system, and receive the bitstream from the external system. The one or more processors are configured to obtain the bitstream, perform first arithmetic decoding, perform second arithmetic decoding, derive a horizontal component of the last position information, and derive a vertical component of the last position. A system for decoding and a displaying method are also provided.

Abstract: The image decoding method includes: determining a context for use in a current block to be processed, from among a plurality of contexts; and performing arithmetic decoding on a bit sequence corresponding to the current block, using the determined context, wherein in the determining: the context is determined under a condition that control parameters of neighboring blocks of the current block are used, when the signal type is a first type, the neighboring blocks being a left block and an upper block of the current block; and the context is determined under a condition that the control parameter of the upper block is not used, when the signal type is a second type.