Abstract: An etchant includes: 5 to 20 wt % of persulfate, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.3 to 5 wt % of a cyclic amine compound, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an organic acid, an organic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.1 to 5 wt % of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and water, based on the total weight of the etchant. A copper-titanium etchant further includes 0.01 to 2 wt % of a fluoride-containing compound. A method of forming a display device using the etchant, and a display device, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An etchant includes: 5 to 20 wt % of persulfate, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.3 to 5 wt % of a cyclic amine compound, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an organic acid, an organic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.1 to 5 wt % of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and water, based on the total weight of the etchant. A copper-titanium etchant further includes 0.01 to 2 wt % of a fluoride-containing compound. A method of forming a display device using the etchant, and a display device, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An etchant includes: 5 to 20 wt % of persulfate, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.3 to 5 wt % of a cyclic amine compound, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an organic acid, an organic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.1 to 5 wt % of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and water, based on the total weight of the etchant. A copper-titanium etchant further includes 0.01 to 2 wt % of a fluoride-containing compound. A method of forming a display device using the etchant, and a display device, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Naphthylcarbazole derivatives are provided. The naphthylcarbazole derivatives are represented by Formula 1. Further provided are KL host materials, organic electroluminescent devices employing the host materials, and displays and lighting systems comprising the devices.

Abstract: An etchant according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % of persulfate, about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % of a fluorine compound, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of inorganic acid, about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of a cyclic amine compound, about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a chlorine compound, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % of copper salt, about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of organic acid or organic acid salt, and water.

Abstract: An etchant according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % of persulfate, about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % of a fluorine compound, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of inorganic acid, about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of a cyclic amine compound, about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a chlorine compound, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % of copper salt, about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of organic acid or organic acid salt, and water.

Abstract: An etchant includes: 5 to 20 wt % of persulfate, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.3 to 5 wt % of a cyclic amine compound, 1 to 10 wt % of at least one compound of an organic acid, an organic acid salt, or a mixture thereof, 0.1 to 5 wt % of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and water, based on the total weight of the etchant. A copper-titanium etchant further includes 0.01 to 2 wt % of a fluoride-containing compound. A method of forming a display device using the etchant, and a display device, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Naphthylcarbazole derivatives are provided. The naphthylcarbazole derivatives are represented by Formula 1. Further provided are KL host materials, organic electroluminescent devices employing the host materials, and displays and lighting systems comprising the devices.