Abstract: A modified fluororesin material containing a modified fluororesin which contains a tetrafluoroethylene unit, a modifying monomer unit based on a modifying monomer copolymerizable with tetrafluoroethylene, and a tertiary carbon atom. The tertiary carbon atom is present in an amount of 0.001 to 0.030 mol % of a total amount of the tetrafluoroethylene unit and the modifying monomer unit. The modified fluororesin material has a linear expansion coefficient at 20° C. to 200° C. that is 10% or more lower than that of a non-modified fluororesin material. The non-modified fluororesin material contains a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit based on a modifying monomer copolymerizable with tetrafluoroethylene and containing no tertiary carbon atom. Also disclosed is a material for a circuit board including the modified fluororesin material, a laminate for a circuit board, a circuit board, and a method for producing the modified fluororesin material.

Abstract: A molded article containing a crystal of a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer contains at least one selected from vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, an ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer and a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Further, the crystal is a nano-oriented crystal having a size of 300 nm or smaller.

Abstract: A molded article containing a crystal of a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer contains at least one selected from vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, an ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer and a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Further, the crystal is a nano-oriented crystal having a size of 300 nm or smaller.

Abstract: The invention provides a molded article having excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, surface roughness, and ferroelectricity. The molded article contains a crystal of a vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The crystal is a ? crystal and is a nano-oriented crystal that has a size of 100 nm or smaller. The molded article has an arithmetic average roughness of 3.0 ?m or lower.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a modified fluorine-containing copolymer excellent in crack resistance, a fluororesin molded article, and a method of producing a fluororesin molded article. The present invention includes a modified fluorine-containing copolymer consisting only of tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units. The copolymer is modified by irradiation with radiation at an irradiation temperature not higher than the melting point of the copolymer but not lower than 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium ion secondary cell excellent in high-temperature storage characteristics and high voltage cycle characteristics; and a nonaqueous electrolyte for the cell.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electrochemical device excellent in high temperature storage characteristics and cycling characteristics at high voltages, and a nonaqueous electrolyte for the electrochemical device.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolytic solution exhibiting excellent withstand voltage and satisfactory characteristics even at low and high temperatures. The invention is an electrolytic solution that includes a cyclic carbonate (I-1) represented by formula (I-1): (in the formula, R is an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group, in which an oxygen atom may be inserted between carbon atoms); a cyclic carbonate (I-2) different from the cyclic carbonate (I-1); and an electrolyte salt (II)).

Abstract: A fluorine-containing polymer including: (a) a repeat unit in which the ?-position is an acrylate ester monomer substituted with a monovalent organic group or a halogen atom and which is derived from a fluorine-containing monomer having a fluoroalkyl group; (b) a repeat unit which is an alkyl acrylate having a C6-13 alkyl group and is derived from a non-fluorine monomer; and (c) a repeat unit derived from a non-fluorine (meth)acrylate monomer having a cyclic hydrocarbon group. Also disclosed is a surface treatment agent containing the fluorine-containing polymer, a method of treating a substrate with the surface treatment agent and a treated substrate.

Abstract: The present invention directs to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, including (I) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluorinated linear sulfones and fluorinated linear sulfonic acid esters, and (II) an electrolyte salt. Such a non-aqueous electrolyte solution has high oxidation resistance, minimizes its decomposition even when hydrofluoric acid is produced. Also, the solution is less likely to cause, in the case of being used for a secondary cell, swelling of the cell and lowering of the battery performance.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a modified fluorine-containing copolymer excellent in crack resistance, a fluororesin molded article, and a method of producing a fluororesin molded article. The present invention includes a modified fluorine-containing copolymer consisting only of tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units. The copolymer is modified by irradiation with radiation at an irradiation temperature not higher than the melting point of the copolymer but not lower than 200° C.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolytic solution exhibiting excellent withstand voltage and satisfactory characteristics even at low and high temperatures. The invention is an electrolytic solution that includes a cyclic carbonate (I-1) represented by formula (I-1): (in the formula, R is an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group, in which an oxygen atom may be inserted between carbon atoms); a cyclic carbonate (I-2) different from the cyclic carbonate (I-1); and an electrolyte salt (II)).

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electrochemical device excellent in high temperature storage characteristics and cycling characteristics at high voltages, and a nonaqueous electrolyte for the electrochemical device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium ion secondary cell excellent in high-temperature storage characteristics and high voltage cycle characteristics; and a nonaqueous electrolyte for the cell.

Abstract: The present invention directs to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, including (I) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluorinated linear sulfones and fluorinated linear sulfonic acid esters, and (II) an electrolyte salt. Such a non-aqueous electrolyte solution has high oxidation resistance, minimizes its decomposition even when hydrofluoric acid is produced. Also, the solution is less likely to cause, in the case of being used for a secondary cell, swelling of the cell and lowering of the battery performance.