Abstract: Tandem electrodialysis (ED) cell systems and methods for using the tandem ED cell systems to extract and recover ions from ion-containing solutions are provided. The tandem ED cell systems are composed of ion-extraction and ion-recovery ED cells. A redox couple contained in the anolyte of the ion-extraction ED cell is different from a redox couple contained in the catholyte of the ion-extraction ED cell. The electrode reactions in the ion-extraction ED cell are reversed in the ion-recovery ED cell, with the anolyte and catholyte of the two ED cells swapped and continuously circulated. As a result, the redox species in the anolyte and catholyte of the two cells are never depleted, which allows for achieving ion extraction and ion recovery with the use of a minimal amount of the redox couples.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method, device and recording medium based sed on multiple compression levels disclosure may include extracting a region of interest for machine vision from an input image, determining a compression level of the region of interest, and encoding the compression level of the region of interest.

Abstract: An object-based image encoding/decoding method and device of the present disclosure may include an image partition step which partitions an image to obtain a first object region, a region scaling step which scales the first object region based on a scaling factor of the first object region to obtain a second objection region, a region merging step which merges the second object region with at least one of an object region different from the second object region or a non-object region to obtain a merged image, and an image reconstruction step which reconstructs the merged image.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a substrate including a display area and a pad area, which is disposed on one side of the display area, a plurality of conductive layers disposed on the substrate, in the display area and the pad area, a passivation layer disposed on the conductive layers, and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the passivation layer, in the display area, and spaced apart from one another, wherein at least one of the conductive layers includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, which is disposed on the first metal layer, and a third metal layer, which is disposed on the second metal layer, the first metal layer includes vanadium (V), the second metal layer includes aluminum (Al) or an Al alloy, and the third metal layer includes V or titanium (Ti).

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a method in which extracellular vesicles with improved therapeutic efficacy are produced from a three-dimensional spheroid-type cell aggregate produced using a microwell having a particular structure; and extracellular vesicles produced by the production method. When the method for producing extracellular vesicles, according to the present invention, is used, extracellular vesicles having enhanced efficacy can be mass-produced, and the produced extracellular vesicles include higher levels of various efficiency factors than existing extracellular vesicles and exhibit uniform characteristics without difference between donors, and thus can be used for various purposes in the medical industry.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided. The method includes reproducing, by a portable phone, multimedia content via an external output device while the portable phone is coupled with the external output device, determining whether the portable phone is decoupled from the external output device, and terminating the reproducing of the multimedia content based at least in part on a determination that the portable phone is decoupled from the external output device.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: A robot includes a display configured to display a face image indicating a face of the robot, an input unit configured to receive a customizing request for the face of the robot, and a processor configured to acquire customizing data based on the received customizing request, to generate a face design based on the acquired customizing data, and to control the display to display a face image based on the generated face design.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles by using a three-dimensional cell culture process, use of three-dimensional cell aggregates of stem cells in producing extracellular vesicles, a culture of three-dimensional cell aggregates of stem cells comprising a high concentration of extracellular vesicles, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the culture.

Abstract: A semiconductor device test apparatus for improving a loss rate of a test signal in testing a device under test is provided. The semiconductor device test apparatus includes a probe interface board, a pogo block disposed on the probe interface board and electrically connected to a device under test, an equipment board disposed under the probe interface board, an alternating current (AC) controller, transferring and receiving an AC signal for performing an AC test on at least one of the device under test and the pogo block, being mounted on the equipment board, and a physical layer equalizing (PLE) board disposed between the probe interface board and the equipment board, a first equalizing circuit, decreasing loss of the AC signal, being mounted on the PLE board.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomarker composition for diagnosing Johne's disease using the measurement of alpha-2-macrogolublin (A2M) and use thereof. Since the biomarker of the present invention can provide improved sensitivity to subclinical infections by revealing differences in the expressions of host proteins in the serum of MAP-infected subjects during various stages of JD progression, it can be effectively used to eradicate JD from a population of subjects. In particular, since the biomarker of the present invention is detected using the ELISA method, it is possible to diagnose Johne's disease more efficiently than when other methods such as mass spectrometry are used, and it can be directly applied in the field. In addition, it is possible to provide a more excellent diagnostic effect than the existing ELISA kits for diagnosing Johne's disease that are commercially available.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid system of carbon dioxide compact separation membrane and carbon recycling for an urban power plant for effluent carbon dioxide concentration control, including a blower into which an exhaust gas is input and which distributes the exhaust gas, a photo-culture process unit which receives the exhaust gas from the blower, performs a photo-culture process using microalgae, and discharges a first treatment gas, a mixing tank into which the exhaust gas supplied from the blower and the first treatment gas are input, a separation membrane process unit which receives a second treatment gas mixed in the mixing tank, and separates a third enriched gas from the second treatment gas using a plurality of separation membranes, a mineralization reaction unit which mineralizes carbon dioxide using the third enriched gas separated in the separation membrane process unit and discharges a third treatment gas to the mixing tank, a sensor unit which measures a carbon dioxide concentration discharged from each

Abstract: Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.

Abstract: Methods for electrochemically oxidizing aromatic aldehydes, such as furfural and furfural derivatives, to carboxylic acids in acidic solutions are provided. Also provided are electrochemical cells for carrying out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical oxidations may be conducted in aqueous media at ambient pressure and mild temperatures.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells and photoelectrochemical cells for the reduction of furfurals are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the reduction reactions. Using the cells and methods, furfurals can be converted into furan alcohols or linear ketones.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a communication circuit that communicates with a server for issuing a mobile card, a secure element that stores the mobile card, a memory, and a processor that is electrically connected to the communication circuit, the secure element, and the memory, wherein the processor receives personal data required for authentication of a user corresponding to the mobile card and card data required for payment by the mobile card through the communication circuit from the server when the mobile card is provisioned, and stores, in the secure element, backup data including the personal data and the card data for backing up the mobile card.

Abstract: Tandem electrodialysis (ED) cell systems and methods for using the tandem ED cell systems to extract and recover ions from ion-containing solutions are provided. The tandem ED cell systems are composed of ion-extraction and ion-recovery ED cells. A redox couple contained in the anolyte of the ion-extraction ED cell is different from a redox couple contained in the catholyte of the ion-extraction ED cell. The electrode reactions in the ion-extraction ED cell are reversed in the ion-recovery ED cell, with the anolyte and catholyte of the two ED cells swapped and continuously circulated. As a result, the redox species in the anolyte and catholyte of the two cells are never depleted, which allows for achieving ion extraction and ion recovery with the use of a minimal amount of the redox couples.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.