Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a substrate can reduce the concentration of process by-products in a chemical solution.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle driving assistant device, including: a sensor module; a camera module which photographs images; and a control module which calculates a gradient value of a ground where a vehicle is located based on a first center axis value measured by the sensor module when a front side of the vehicle is located in a first direction after being mounted and a second center axis value measured by the sensor module when the front side of the vehicle is located in a second direction which is opposite to the first direction and determines an effective area for following an object in the image based on a center axis fixing error value of the sensor module calculated using at least one of the first and second center axis values and the gradient value.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle driving assistant device, including: a sensor module; a camera module which photographs images; and a control module which calculates a gradient value of a ground where a vehicle is located based on a first center axis value measured by the sensor module when a front side of the vehicle is located in a first direction after being mounted and a second center axis value measured by the sensor module when the front side of the vehicle is located in a second direction which is opposite to the first direction and determines an effective area for following an object in the image based on a center axis fixing error value of the sensor module calculated using at least one of the first and second center axis values and the gradient value.

Abstract: A power on/off control device having a first power supply outputs a predetermined first electric power upon receiving input power and a second power supply outputs a main electric power to operate the computer upon power-on, which is turned on and off according to power driving signals of a first level or a second level. A power switch outputs a first level while the power switch is being pressed down, and a second level while not pressed down. A power driving signal output outputs power driving signals of the first level or of the second level alternatively according to inputted pulse signals from a microprocessor, the microprocessor has a first port connected with the power switch and a second port coupled with the power driving signal output, for controlling power on/off according to signal levels from the first port and the second port. A data output forwards data outputted from the microprocessor to a system data bus. A data input sends data inputted through the system data bus to the microprocessor.

Abstract: A program selection driving device for a personal computer is provided, through which a user can executes a desirous program simply by operating a specified button, comprising a button panel 712 having a plurality of selecting buttons on an outside of a main computer 71 and a remote signal receiver 711 for inputting a specified remote control signal. A CPU 20 executes a corresponding program the user wants when a specified selecting signal is inputted from the button panel 712 and the remote signal receiver 711. And a hard disk of the computer includes a first memory region storing a program for the program selection driving and a second memory region storing directory information and execution file names related to selectable programs registered. A program can be registered in the second memory region, in execution of a program stored at the first memory region, by a drag and drop function.