Abstract: A storage device and a refresh method thereof are provided. The storage device includes at least a first processing core configured to operate by receiving a first power from a host, a second processing core separate from the first processing core, at least a first three-dimensional (3D) flash memory, a power module and a retention management module supplied with a second power from the power module when the first power is not supplied from the host. The retention management module is configured to refresh a part of the first 3D flash memory using the second processing core. The retention management module is configured to be woken up at intervals of a first period to refresh the part of the first 3D flash memory.

Abstract: A storage device and a refresh method thereof are provided. The storage device includes at least a first processing core configured to operate by receiving a first power from a host, a second processing core separate from the first processing core, at least a first three-dimensional (3D) flash memory, a power module and a retention management module supplied with a second power from the power module when the first power is not supplied from the host. The retention management module is configured to refresh a part of the first 3D flash memory using the second processing core. The retention management module is configured to be woken up at intervals of a first period to refresh the part of the first 3D flash memory.

Abstract: A memory device capable of performing an overwrite operation, a memory system, and a method of operating the memory system are provided. The method includes receiving one or more write requests, a logical address and data corresponding to the one or more write requests; comparing a result of analyzing at least one of the received one or more write requests, logical address, and data with a threshold value; and writing data using a first update method or a second update method, based on a result of the comparison. When the first update method is selected, the data are written in a region indicated by a physical address corresponding to the logical address according to address mapping information. When the second update method is selected, information of the physical address corresponding to the logical address is changed, and the data are written in a region indicated by the changed physical address.

Abstract: A memory device capable of performing an overwrite operation, a memory system, and a method of operating the memory system are provided. The method includes receiving one or more write requests, a logical address and data corresponding to the one or more write requests; comparing a result of analyzing at least one of the received one or more write requests, logical address, and data with a threshold value; and writing data using a first update method or a second update method, based on a result of the comparison. When the first update method is selected, the data are written in a region indicated by a physical address corresponding to the logical address according to address mapping information. When the second update method is selected, information of the physical address corresponding to the logical address is changed, and the data are written in a region indicated by the changed physical address.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reorganizing mapping information in a flash memory are provided. The apparatus includes a sector-managing module that secures a mapping sector where mapping information is recorded in a physical unit, and determines whether user data is recorded up to a sector located in a predetermined position, and a mapping-information-recording module that records the mapping information in the mapping sector according to a result of the determination. Here, the mapping information includes a relation of a physical sector storing the user data and a logical sector corresponding to the physical sector.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a mapping apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types, and more particularly, to a mapping apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types capable of mapping a logical address to a physical address in the non-volatile memory supporting different cell types in which bits represented by unit cells are different from each other. A mapping apparatus for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types according to an embodiment of the invention includes: a user request unit used for a user to request a predetermined operation by using a logical address; a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory areas having different cell types; and a mapping management unit determining a physical address to be mapped to the logical address of one of the plurality of memory areas on the basis of the logical address used for the requested operation.

Abstract: A data management system includes a data processor configured to provide a file system module configured to store first data in a flash memory in block units and a filter layer module configured to receive second data from the file system module and to store the second data in a phase-change random access memory (PRAM) in sub-block units. The filter layer module may be configured to identify difference data in the second data received from the file system module by comparing the received second data and third data stored in the PRAM, and to write the identified difference data to the PRAM. The second data may include file metadata and the first data may include data other than file metadata. The sub-block units may be byte units.

Abstract: A memory system includes a variable resistance memory configured to input and output data by a first unit and a translation layer for managing the degree of wear of the variable resistance memory by a second unit, different from the first unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing atomicity with respect to a request of a write operation for successive sectors in a flash memory is provided. The apparatus includes a data write module writing data in a main sector of a page and allocating status bits indicating a status of the data write to a spare sector of the page, a write progress managing module overwriting a commit mark in the spare sector allocated with the status bits according to a progress status of the data write, and a validity determining module determining validity of the sectors on the basis of the overwritten commit mark and providing information of the successive sectors.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for managing mapping information of a nonvolatile memory, in which a time period required for a request for access to a logic sector of the nonvolatile memory is minimized. The apparatus includes an extractor which extracts a logical sector mapped with each physical sector in physical units mapped with a predetermined logical unit, a mapping information generator which generates mapping information of logical sectors belonging to the logical unit including the extracted logical sector, and a mapping information memory which stores the generated mapping information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for writing data to and reading data from a phase-change random access memory (PRAM) include encoding original data using a predetermined encoding function, selecting data, from among the original data and the encoded data, which require less power when being written to the PRAM, writing the selected data to the PRAM, generating marking information related to the selected data, and writing the marking information to the PRAM. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced when data are written to the PRAM.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mapping information managing apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types, and more particularly, to a mapping information managing apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types capable of managing mapping information considering physical characteristics of each cell type in the non-volatile memory supporting different cell types in which bits represented by one cell are different from each other. A mapping information managing apparatus for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types includes: a user request unit used for a user to request a predetermined operation by using a logical address; a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory areas having different cell types; and a mapping information managing unit storing mapping information on user data written to a second memory area of the plurality of memory areas in a first memory area.

Abstract: A computing system, more particularly, a computing system including a phase-change memory is provided. The computing system includes a flash memory configured to store data and a phase-change memory configured to store address mapping information for converting a logical address into a physical address. The phase-change memory is configured to store the address mapping information while the computing system is in a power-off state. The computing system may store an address mapping table to manage the flash memory in the phase-change memory.

Abstract: A memory system includes a variable resistance memory configured to input and output data by a first unit and a translation layer for managing the degree of wear of the variable resistance memory by a second unit, different from the first unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for writing data to and reading data from a phase-change random access memory (PRAM) include encoding original data using a predetermined encoding function, selecting data, from among the original data and the encoded data, which require less power when being written to the PRAM, writing the selected data to the PRAM, generating marking information related to the selected data, and writing the marking information to the PRAM. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced when data are written to the PRAM.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mapping information managing apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types, and more particularly, to a mapping information managing apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types capable of managing mapping information considering physical characteristics of each cell type in the non-volatile memory supporting different cell types in which bits represented by one cell are different from each other. A mapping information managing apparatus for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types includes: a user request unit used for a user to request a predetermined operation by using a logical address; a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory areas having different cell types; and a mapping information managing unit storing mapping information on user data written to a second memory area of the plurality of memory areas in a first memory area.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a mapping apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types, and more particularly, to a mapping apparatus and method for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types capable of mapping a logical address to a physical address in the non-volatile memory supporting different cell types in which bits represented by unit cells are different from each other. A mapping apparatus for a non-volatile memory supporting different cell types according to an embodiment of the invention includes: a user request unit used for a user to request a predetermined operation by using a logical address; a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory areas having different cell types; and a mapping management unit determining a physical address to be mapped to the logical address of one of the plurality of memory areas on the basis of the logical address used for the requested operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reorganizing mapping information in a flash memory are provided. The apparatus includes a sector-managing module that secures a mapping sector where mapping information is recorded in a physical unit, and determines whether user data is recorded up to a sector located in a predetermined position, and a mapping-information-recording module that records the mapping information in the mapping sector according to a result of the determination. Here, the mapping information includes a relation of a physical sector storing the user data and a logical sector corresponding to the physical sector.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing atomicity with respect to a request of a write operation for successive sectors in a flash memory is provided. The apparatus includes a data write module writing data in a main sector of a page and allocating status bits indicating a status of the data write to a spare sector of the page, a write progress managing module overwriting a commit mark in the spare sector allocated with the status bits according to a progress status of the data write, and a validity determining module determining validity of the sectors on the basis of the overwritten commit mark and providing information of the successive sectors.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for managing mapping information of a nonvolatile memory, in which a time period required for a request for access to a logic sector of the nonvolatile memory is minimized. The apparatus includes an extractor which extracts a logical sector mapped with each physical sector in physical units mapped with a predetermined logical unit, a mapping information generator which generates mapping information of logical sectors belonging to the logical unit including the extracted logical sector, and a mapping information memory which stores the generated mapping information.