Abstract: An optical multiplexer including an optical waveguide block including a plurality of waveguides for adjusting an optical path of the plurality of optical signals. Optical signals generated in light sources having different wavelengths are input to ports of one side that is an input end of the optical waveguide block, propagated through waveguides connected to the ports, and output to ports of another side that is an output end of the optical wavelength block. Intervals between the waveguides decrease in a direction from the input end to the output end. Intervals between the ports of the input end are smaller than intervals between the ports of the output end. The optical waveguide block has a structure in which at least one layer having at least one waveguide is laminated.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes: an optical demultiplexer to demultiplex an optical signal in which a plurality of wavelengths is multiplexed and divide the optical signal into optical signals corresponding to the plurality of wavelengths, respectively; a reflector to change a progress direction of the divided optical signals; an optical coupling lens including, in an array form, light transmission lenses through which the divided optical signals are transmitted, respectively; a plurality of photodetectors to mount on a photodiode (PD) substrate provided on the optical coupling lens, receive the divided optical signals that are transmitted through the light transmission lenses of the optical coupling lens, respectively, and convert the received optical signals to electrical signals; and a plurality of trans impedance amplifiers provided at desired intervals to electrically connect to the plurality of photodetectors through wire bonding and amplify the received plurality of electrical signals to be a desired magn

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting an optical signal in an optical communication system includes a plurality of light sources configured to output optical signals; a plurality of first optical couplers configured to multiplex the optical signals, which are output from the plurality of light sources, to generate a first optical signal, and output the first optical signal through a first output port and a second output port of each of the plurality of first optical couplers; a first monitoring unit configured to monitor the first optical signal which is output through the second output port of each of the plurality of first optical couplers; and a controller configured to control an optical output of each of the plurality of light sources on the basis of a result of the monitoring.

Abstract: An optical transmission method includes outputting a first light based on a first electronic signal, outputting a second light based on a second electronic signal, and polarizing and combining the first light and the second light, and outputting the polarized and combined first and second lights to an optical fiber.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to device management in a machine to machine (M2M) network. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to performing an efficient device management based on correlations between M2M devices in the M2M network.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer including an optical waveguide block including a plurality of waveguides for adjusting an optical path of the plurality of optical signals. Optical signals generated in light sources having different wavelengths are input to ports of one side that is an input end of the optical waveguide block, propagated through waveguides connected to the ports, and output to ports of another side that is an output end of the optical wavelength block. Intervals between the waveguides decrease in a direction from the input end to the output end. Intervals between the ports of the input end are smaller than intervals between the ports of the output end. The optical waveguide block has a structure in which at least one layer having at least one waveguide is laminated.

Abstract: Provided is a device and method for detecting an optical signal. The optical signal detecting device may include an optical de-multiplexer configured to de-multiplex an input optical signal to optical signals of different wavelengths; an optical coupling lens configured to allow the optical signals of different wavelengths to be incident; an optical signal reflector configured to reflect the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted from the optical couple lens; and an optical detector configured to detect the reflected optical signals of different wavelengths.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an optical receiver module and an operation method thereof. The optical receiver module includes an input part configured to receive a multiplexed optical signal of a plurality of wavelengths, an optical power/wavelength splitter configured to split the multiplexed optical signal into a plurality of channels, a wavelength filter configured to split the split multiplexed optical signal according to the plurality of wavelengths, and an output part configured to convert optical signals split according to the plurality of wavelengths into voltage signals and output the converted voltage signals. Therefore, the optical receiver module has wide bandwidth performance and low adjacent channel crosstalk performance with respect to the multiplexed optical signal.

Abstract: An optical signal transmission apparatus generates a multi-level optical signal from a multi-level electric signal. The optical signal transmission apparatus detects, based on a supervisory signal generated from an optical signal, an electric-to-optical (E/O) conversion characteristic of an E/O converter configured to convert an electric signal into an optical signal. For example, when the E/O converter generates a multi-level optical signal from a multi-level electric signal based on a bias signal, the optical signal transmission apparatus determines a correspondence relationship between the bias signal and the optical signal. The optical signal transmission apparatus adjusts a use range of intensities of the bias signal based on the determined correspondence relationship so that the E/O converter may linearly operate.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes: an optical demultiplexer to demultiplex an optical signal in which a plurality of wavelengths is multiplexed and divide the optical signal into optical signals corresponding to the plurality of wavelengths, respectively; a reflector to change a progress direction of the divided optical signals; an optical coupling lens including, in an array form, light transmission lenses through which the divided optical signals are transmitted, respectively; a plurality of photodetectors to mount on a photodiode (PD) substrate provided on the optical coupling lens, receive the divided optical signals that are transmitted through the light transmission lenses of the optical coupling lens, respectively, and convert the received optical signals to electrical signals; and a plurality of trans impedance amplifiers provided at desired intervals to electrically connect to the plurality of photodetectors through wire bonding and amplify the received plurality of electrical signals to be a desired magn

Abstract: There is provided a CMOS inverter circuit device. The CMOS inverter circuit device includes a delay circuit unit configured to generate different charge and discharge paths of each gate node of a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor respectively at the time that an input signal transitions between high and low levels. Therefore, the present examples minimize or erase generation of a short circuit current made at the time that the input signal transition. The examples may simplify circuit architecture, and may make a magnitude of a CMOS inverter circuit device smaller.

Abstract: A circuit for adjusting a frequency of an AC direct lighting apparatus is provided. The circuit may include a reference voltage generation unit configured to receive a dimming voltage having a first frequency and a first voltage range, and generate a reference voltage having a second voltage range, a sensing section determining unit configured to generate first and second section reference voltages based on the reference voltage, and determine a driving current sensing section using the first and second section reference voltages, and a driving signal generation unit configured to generate a switching device driving signal having a second frequency through the determined driving current sensing section.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method for operating an electronic device may comprise operating touch circuitry configured to detect a touch or hovering according to a first driving signal in a first operation mode, detecting a first event related to mode switching, and operating the touch circuitry according to a second driving signal different from the first driving signal in a second operation mode based on detecting the first event. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: An optical transmission method includes outputting a first light based on a first electronic signal, outputting a second light based on a second electronic signal, and polarizing and combining the first light and the second light, and outputting the polarized and combined first and second lights to an optical fiber.

Abstract: There is provided a composition including a 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) for protecting human skin keratinocyte from ultraviolet, in which the BDB has a photo-protective effect against cell damage caused by ultraviolet in human HaCaT skin keratinocyte, activity of removing a free radical, and ultraviolet absorption activity, and inhibits formations of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl, inhibits DNA damage, protects a cell, and thereby exhibits cell protective activity. Thus, the BDB decreases apoptosis induced by ultraviolet, and then protect a cell to recover cell viability.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting an optical signal in an optical communication system includes a plurality of light sources configured to output optical signals; a plurality of first optical couplers configured to multiplex the optical signals, which are output from the plurality of light sources, to generate a first optical signal, and output the first optical signal through a first output port and a second output port of each of the plurality of first optical couplers; a first monitoring unit configured to monitor the first optical signal which is output through the second output port of each of the plurality of first optical couplers; and a controller configured to control an optical output of each of the plurality of light sources on the basis of a result of the monitoring.

Abstract: An optical signal detecting apparatus and method. The optical signal detecting apparatus includes an optical demultiplexer configured to demultiplex an input optical signal into a first optical signal having a first band wavelength and a second optical signal having a second band wavelength, a first optical detector configured to detect the first optical signal, and a second optical detector configured to detect the second optical signal, and the optical demultiplexer, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector may be provided in a TO-CAN package.

Abstract: A resin composition includes a polymer including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the specification, and a solvent and an organic film manufactured using the same is provided.

Abstract: There is provided a composition including a 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) for protecting human skin keratinocyte from ultraviolet, in which the BDB has a photo-protective effect against cell damage caused by ultraviolet in human HaCaT skin keratinocyte, activity of removing a free radical, and ultraviolet absorption activity, and inhibits formations of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl, inhibits DNA damage, protects a cell, and thereby exhibits cell protective activity. Thus, the BDB decreases apoptosis induced by ultraviolet, and then protect a cell to recover cell viability.

Abstract: Provided is a device and method for detecting an optical signal. The optical signal detecting device may include an optical de-multiplexer configured to de-multiplex an input optical signal to optical signals of different wavelengths; an optical coupling lens configured to allow the optical signals of different wavelengths to be incident; an optical signal reflector configured to reflect the optical signals of different wavelengths emitted from the optical couple lens; and an optical detector configured to detect the reflected optical signals of different wavelengths.