Abstract: Methods and systems for the electrochemical extraction and recovery of lithium ions from spent lithium-ion battery electrodes and other lithium sources are provided. The methods and systems use a lithium-storage electrode to remove lithium ions (Li+) from an aqueous electrolyte solution in an electrochemical lithium extraction step. In a subsequent electrochemical lithium recovery step, lithium ions stored in the lithium-storage electrode are released into a lithium recovery solution. The lithium may be recovered in various forms, depending upon the design of the electrochemical cells used in the methods and systems. For example, lithium can be recovered as lithium phosphate (Li3PO4), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and/or lithium carbonate (Li2CO3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to biomarkers for diagnosing coagulation disorders, comprising miRNAs in extracellular vesicles. It has been experimentally identified that miRNAs in extracellular vesicles, according to the present invention, exhibit expression patterns in coagulation disorder patients that are more specific than those of normal groups. Therefore, it is indicated that miRNAs in extracellular vesicles of the present invention can be used as biomarkers of coagulation disorders, and thus the miRNAs can be variously used in the field of coagulation disorder diagnosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a headrest module including a mounting base; a rack bracket having a rack gear part and mounted on the mounting base to enable translational motion along an extended direction of the rack gear part; a moving gear having a pinion gear part engaged with the rack gear part and being installed to enable rotational motion and translational motion with respect to the mounting base; and a stopping unit formed to stop the rotational motion of the moving gear as the pinion gear part, which makes the rotational motion due to the translational motion of the rack gear part, makes the translational motion in one direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of tumors, containing a novel pyrazolopyrimidine compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition is administered in combination with other anticancer agents, and thus can be effectively used as a composition for preventing or treating cancer.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells and methods for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones via selective hydrogenolysis of their carbonyl bonds are provided. The electrochemical cells and methods use zinc-containing electrocatalytic cathodes that promote electrochemical hydrogenolysis of the carbonyl bond of the aldehyde or ketone over hydrogenation in an acidic electrolyte solution. As a result, the carbonyl-groups of the aldehydes and ketones are reduced into alkyl groups with high relative selectivities.

Abstract: present invention relates to: a composition for promoting neurogenesis, containing extracellular vesicles prepared by a novel preparation method and derived from three-dimensional spheroid-type cell aggregate; and a neurogenesis promotion method. Extracellular vesicles prepared by a novel preparation method, of the present invention, can improve neuroplasticity by inducing neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation or neural circuit restoration, and thus can be effectively used in the treatment of various diseases requiring neurogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition, for freeze-dry protecting extracellular vesicles, capable of preserving the function and characteristics of extracellular vesicles, and an extracellular vesicle freeze-drying method using same. Trehalose and sucrose of the present invention are added to an extracellular vesicle freeze-drying process to solve the problems of crystal growth and redissolution capacity degradation, which are problems in an existing freeze-dry protective agent, and also maintain the unique marker, functional factor expressions and therapeutic effects of the extracellular vesicles, and thus may be variously utilized for producing various therapeutic agents using extracellular vesicles.

Abstract: Electrochemical systems and methods for removing and recovering phosphorus, in the form of phosphates, from aqueous solutions are provided. The removal of the phosphates takes place in an electrochemical cell having an electrode that includes bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), or an oxide thereof. During the removal of phosphates from aqueous solution, the metal (Bi, Zn, Cu, or Fe) and/or metal oxide of the electrode is converted into its corresponding metal phosphate within the electrode via a reversible conversion reaction. The phosphate stored in the electrode during the removal step is subsequently released into a recovery solution via electrochemical reduction of the metal phosphate back into a metal.

Abstract: Tandem electrodialysis (ED) cell systems and methods for using the tandem ED cell systems to extract and recover ions from ion-containing solutions are provided. The tandem ED cell systems are composed of ion-extraction and ion-recovery ED cells. A redox couple contained in the anolyte of the ion-extraction ED cell is different from a redox couple contained in the catholyte of the ion-extraction ED cell. The electrode reactions in the ion-extraction ED cell are reversed in the ion-recovery ED cell, with the anolyte and catholyte of the two ED cells swapped and continuously circulated. As a result, the redox species in the anolyte and catholyte of the two cells are never depleted, which allows for achieving ion extraction and ion recovery with the use of a minimal amount of the redox couples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a method in which extracellular vesicles with improved therapeutic efficacy are produced from a three-dimensional spheroid-type cell aggregate produced using a microwell having a particular structure; and extracellular vesicles produced by the production method. When the method for producing extracellular vesicles, according to the present invention, is used, extracellular vesicles having enhanced efficacy can be mass-produced, and the produced extracellular vesicles include higher levels of various efficiency factors than existing extracellular vesicles and exhibit uniform characteristics without difference between donors, and thus can be used for various purposes in the medical industry.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided. The method includes reproducing, by a portable phone, multimedia content via an external output device while the portable phone is coupled with the external output device, determining whether the portable phone is decoupled from the external output device, and terminating the reproducing of the multimedia content based at least in part on a determination that the portable phone is decoupled from the external output device.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: A robot includes a display configured to display a face image indicating a face of the robot, an input unit configured to receive a customizing request for the face of the robot, and a processor configured to acquire customizing data based on the received customizing request, to generate a face design based on the acquired customizing data, and to control the display to display a face image based on the generated face design.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles by using a three-dimensional cell culture process, use of three-dimensional cell aggregates of stem cells in producing extracellular vesicles, a culture of three-dimensional cell aggregates of stem cells comprising a high concentration of extracellular vesicles, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the culture.

Abstract: A semiconductor device test apparatus for improving a loss rate of a test signal in testing a device under test is provided. The semiconductor device test apparatus includes a probe interface board, a pogo block disposed on the probe interface board and electrically connected to a device under test, an equipment board disposed under the probe interface board, an alternating current (AC) controller, transferring and receiving an AC signal for performing an AC test on at least one of the device under test and the pogo block, being mounted on the equipment board, and a physical layer equalizing (PLE) board disposed between the probe interface board and the equipment board, a first equalizing circuit, decreasing loss of the AC signal, being mounted on the PLE board.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomarker composition for diagnosing Johne's disease using the measurement of alpha-2-macrogolublin (A2M) and use thereof. Since the biomarker of the present invention can provide improved sensitivity to subclinical infections by revealing differences in the expressions of host proteins in the serum of MAP-infected subjects during various stages of JD progression, it can be effectively used to eradicate JD from a population of subjects. In particular, since the biomarker of the present invention is detected using the ELISA method, it is possible to diagnose Johne's disease more efficiently than when other methods such as mass spectrometry are used, and it can be directly applied in the field. In addition, it is possible to provide a more excellent diagnostic effect than the existing ELISA kits for diagnosing Johne's disease that are commercially available.

Abstract: Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.