Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, comprising glycotoxin, a specific protein bound to glycotoxin, or a glycotoxin-specific protein complex, and more specifically, the biomarker permits non-invasive rapid detection of a specific fluorescence from the skin surface and therefore can be used in early detection of cognitive impairment, and for a confirmed case of cognitive impairment, measures the mRNA expression level and protein level of the biomarker from living tissues such as skin and blood, and therefore is advantageously utilized in prediction, diagnosis, and the like of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and the like.

Abstract: In a sense amplifier circuit, a first transistor is electrically connected between a first bitline and a first node, a first inverter includes a first input terminal and a first output terminal connected to the first node, and a second inverter includes a second input terminal connected to a second node and a second output terminal. A second transistor is electrically connected between the first output terminal and the second node, and a third transistor is electrically connected between the second output terminal and the first node. A precharge circuit transfers a first voltage to the first and second nodes during a first period, and transfers a second voltage higher than the first voltage to the first and second nodes during a second period.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video interpretation apparatus and method. The video interpretation apparatus includes an object information generation unit for generating object information based on objects in an input video, a relation generation unit for generating a dynamic spatial relation between the objects based on the object information, a general event information generation unit for generating general event information based on the dynamic spatial relation, a video information generation unit for generating video information including any one of a sentence and an event description based on the object information and the general event information, and a video descriptor storage unit for storing the object information, the general event information, and the video information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a query input apparatus and method. The query input apparatus includes: an input unit providing a graphic user interface (GUI) to receive a schematized composite activity that a user wants to search from the user; and a processing unit generating a query using an activity descriptor corresponding to the schematized composite activity depending on a query request from an activity searching system and transferring the generated query to the activity searching system.

Abstract: A system for generating a multimedia knowledge base uses a multimedia information detection unit to detect texted meta information from multimedia data including at least one combination of a text, a voice, an image and a video and allows a knowledge base shaping unit to use the texted meta information and context information of the multimedia data to divide the multimedia data into syntactic information representing extrinsic configuration information and semantic information representing intrinsic meaning information and may shape the syntactic information and the semantic information into the multimedia knowledge.

Abstract: Disclosed are a smart learning system using a device social relation and a method thereof. The smart learning system includes a first device that generates a device social relation and shares learning content, and at least one second device that executes an event related to the learning content by acquiring the shared learning content when is included in the device social relation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing primitive visual knowledge are disclosed. The method of providing primitive visual knowledge includes receiving an image in a form of a digital image sequence, dividing the received image into scenes, extracting a representative shot from each of the scenes, extracting objects from frames which compose the representative shot, extracting action verbs based on a mutual relationship between the extracted objects, selecting a frame best expressing the mutual relationship with the objects, which are the basis for the extracting of the action verbs, as a key frame, generating the primitive visual knowledge based on the selected key frame, storing the generated primitive visual knowledge in a database, and visualizing the primitive visual knowledge stored in the database to provide the primitive visual knowledge to a manager.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory bank, a row selection circuit and a refresh controller. The memory bank includes a plurality of memory blocks, and each memory block includes a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns. The row selection circuit performs an access operation with respect to the memory bank and a hammer refresh operation with respect to a row that is physically adjacent to a row that is accessed intensively. The refresh controller controls the row selection circuit such that the hammer refresh operation is performed during a row active time for the access operation. The hammer refresh operation may be performed efficiently and performance of the memory device may be enhanced by performing the hammer refresh operation during the row active time for the access operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video interpretation apparatus and method. The video interpretation apparatus includes an object information generation unit for generating object information based on objects in an input video, a relation generation unit for generating a dynamic spatial relation between the objects based on the object information, a general event information generation unit for generating general event information based on the dynamic spatial relation, a video information generation unit for generating video information including any one of a sentence and an event description based on the object information and the general event information, and a video descriptor storage unit for storing the object information, the general event information, and the video information.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory bank, a row selection circuit and a refresh controller. The memory bank includes a plurality of memory blocks, and each memory block includes a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns. The row selection circuit performs an access operation with respect to the memory bank and a hammer refresh operation with respect to a row that is physically adjacent to a row that is accessed intensively. The refresh controller controls the row selection circuit such that the hammer refresh operation is performed during a row active time for the access operation. The hammer refresh operation may be performed efficiently and performance of the memory device may be enhanced by performing the hammer refresh operation during the row active time for the access operation.

Abstract: A smart device includes a storage unit storing identity information of a counterpart device, a sensing unit sensing an approach by the counterpart device, a control unit determining whether the counterpart device sensed by the sensing unit corresponds to the identity information stored in the storage unit, and a combining processing unit combining a resource of the counterpart device if the counterpart device is determined by the control unit to correspond to the identity information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a query input apparatus and method. The query input apparatus includes: an input unit providing a graphic user interface (GUI) to receive a schematized composite activity that a user wants to search from the user; and a processing unit generating a query using an activity descriptor corresponding to the schematized composite activity depending on a query request from an activity searching system and transferring the generated query to the activity searching system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing primitive visual knowledge are disclosed. The method of providing primitive visual knowledge includes receiving an image in a form of a digital image sequence, dividing the received image into scenes, extracting a representative shot from each of the scenes, extracting objects from frames which compose the representative shot, extracting action verbs based on a mutual relationship between the extracted objects, selecting a frame best expressing the mutual relationship with the objects, which are the basis for the extracting of the action verbs, as a key frame, generating the primitive visual knowledge based on the selected key frame, storing the generated primitive visual knowledge in a database, and visualizing the primitive visual knowledge stored in the database to provide the primitive visual knowledge to a manager.

Abstract: A method of reading an antifuse in a semiconductor memory device during a power-up routine includes; generating a read voltage used during an antifuse read operation performed during the power-up routine to read data stored in an antifuse cell array of the antifuse, and beginning execution of the antifuse read operation only after an activation delay has elapsed following a sensing of the level of the read voltage.

Abstract: A repair circuit includes first and second fuse circuits, a determination circuit and an output circuit. The first fuse circuit includes a first fuse and is configured to generate a first master signal indicating whether the first fuse has been programmed. The second fuse circuit includes second fuses and is configured to generate a first address indicating whether each of the second fuses has been programmed. The determination circuit is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first master signal and the first address. The detection signal indicates whether a negative program operation has been performed on the second fuse circuit. The output circuit is configured to generate a second master signal based on the first master signal and the detection signal and generate a repair address corresponding to a defective input address based on the first address and the detection signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method that enable data sharing to be performed between short-range/middle-range/long-range mobile terminals by minimizing specific intervention of a user. The apparatus includes a social relationship management unit for managing social network group information formed by a user while the user utilizes a social network service. A device recognition and authentication unit identifies a mobile terminal of another party attempting to make a connection and allocates a data communication channel for data exchange, based on device information received from the mobile terminal of the other party attempting to make a connection and the social network group information. A shared data setting unit sets data to be shared with the mobile terminal of the other party between which the data communication channel has been established. A shared data transmission unit transmits the data to be shared to the mobile terminal of the other party.

Abstract: A repair circuit includes first and second fuse circuits, a determination circuit and an output circuit. The first fuse circuit includes a first fuse and is configured to generate a first master signal indicating whether the first fuse has been programmed. The second fuse circuit includes second fuses and is configured to generate a first address indicating whether each of the second fuses has been programmed. The determination circuit is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first master signal and the first address. The detection signal indicates whether a negative program operation has been performed on the second fuse circuit. The output circuit is configured to generate a second master signal based on the first master signal and the detection signal and generate a repair address corresponding to a defective input address based on the first address and the detection signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a smart learning system using a device social relation and a method thereof. The smart learning system includes a first device that generates a device social relation and shares learning content, and at least one second device that executes an event related to the learning content by acquiring the shared learning content when is included in the device social relation.

Abstract: A method of reading an antifuse in a semiconductor memory device during a power-up routine includes; generating a read voltage used during an antifuse read operation performed during the power-up routine to read data stored in an antifuse cell array of the antifuse, and beginning execution of the antifuse read operation only after an activation delay has elapsed following a sensing of the level of the read voltage.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a self-refresh method of the semiconductor memory device. The semiconductor memory device includes: a memory cell array including one or more memory cells; a sense amplifier connected to a sensing line and a complementary sensing line and sensing/amplifying data stored in the one or more memory cells; and a sense amplifier control circuit sequentially supplying a first voltage and a second voltage having different levels to the sense amplifier through the sensing line during a refresh operation.