Abstract: A positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel-based composite oxide including secondary particles formed by aggregation of one or more primary particles, wherein a part of cations and a part of anions in the lithium nickel-based composite oxide are substituted, respectively, with cations M? and fluorine anions (F?) in a fluorine-based compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for driving a filament spool of a 3D printer, which rotates the filament spool for wounding a wire-shaped filament in a forward or reverse direction, including a driving motor installed between an extruder for discharging the filament wound on the filament spool toward a hot end nozzle side and the filament spool and configured to generate a driving force in the forward or reverse direction; a feed roller configured to receive the driving force of the driving motor and to transfer the filament wound on the filament spool to an extruder side or to wound back the filament of the extruder on the filament spool; a filament spool driving roller installed between the feed roller and the filament spool and configured to receive the driving force of the driving motor and to rotate the filament spool; and a torque limiter installed between the driving motor and the feed roller and configured to cause a gear on a filament spool side to idle and only a gear on a driving motor

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for feeding/discharging a filament for a 3D printer, including a filament supply part which winds the wire-shaped filament and supplies the wound filament; a filament output part which outputs a three-dimensional printed matter by melting and discharging the filament supplied from the filament supply part; and a driving part which supplies the filament from the filament supply part to the filament output part, and discharges the filament from the filament output part toward the filament supply part, wherein the driving part includes a driving motor which is provided at the filament output part to generate a driving force and thus to adapt the filament to be conveyed in a normal direction or a reverse direction; a driving roller which is provided at the filament output part to receive the driving force of the driving motor and to convey the filament in the normal direction or the reverse direction; a conveying roller which is provided at the filament supply part to receive the driving

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for feeding/discharging a filament for a 3D printer, including a filament supply part which winds the wire-shaped filament and supplies the wound filament; a filament output part which outputs a three-dimensional printed matter by melting and discharging the filament supplied from the filament supply part; and a driving part which supplies the filament from the filament supply part to the filament output part, and discharges the filament from the filament output part toward the filament supply part, wherein the driving part includes a driving motor which is provided at the filament output part to generate a driving force and thus to adapt the filament to be conveyed in a normal direction or a reverse direction; a driving roller which is provided at the filament output part to receive the driving force of the driving motor and to convey the filament in the normal direction or the reverse direction; a conveying roller which is provided at the filament supply part to receive the driving