Abstract: A method of managing identification information of a drone may include: generating an access message, wherein the access message includes an identifier for the ground identification device, which is a transmitter, an identifier for a receiver, an execution function command for classifying and defining a function to be performed, a serial number for transmitting information sequentially and retransmitting the information when transmission fails, data size information for informing a size of data to be transmitted, and transmission data; and transmitting the access message to an integrated management system corresponding to the identifier for the receiver.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an operation method for determining an abnormality in a battery, the method comprising: acquiring battery information including a representative SOC value of the battery at a specific time point and a parameter value for an equivalent model circuit of the battery; acquiring an OCV deviation tolerance for the battery at the specific time point, predicting a polarization voltage deviation, and measuring a measured voltage deviation based on the battery information; and determining whether the battery is abnormal based on a sum of the OCV deviation tolerance and the polarization voltage deviation, and the measured voltage deviation, and a device thereof may be provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of carboxylic acid during the preparation of precipitated silica or a suspension of precipitated silica and to the precipitated silicas thus obtained, particularly with low water uptake, which can be used, for example, as a reinforcing filler in silicon matrices.

Abstract: Provided are a battery management system and a battery management method using the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to select high-risk battery cells that are highly likely to be out of an operating voltage range by applying a change amount according to SoH for each of the battery cells to each SoC for each of the battery cells, and calculate the representative SoH of the battery pack based on the selected high-risk battery cells, and then calculate the actual usable capacity of the battery pack.

Abstract: Provided are a battery management system and a battery management method using the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to select high-risk battery cells that are highly likely to be out of an operating voltage range by applying a change amount according to SoH for each of the battery cells to each SoC for each of the battery cells, and calculate the representative SoH of the battery pack based on the selected high-risk battery cells, and then calculate the actual usable capacity of the battery pack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery pack system. In the battery pack system including a multi-battery according to the present invention, replacement may be easily performed in a lower unit of the battery pack system, the battery pack system including a multi-battery may include the battery modules having various forms and performances and capable of being arranged so as to increase space efficiency of the battery pack system, the battery pack system including a multi-battery includes the battery modules having various forms and performances, such that an energy density of the battery pack system may be improved, and the battery pack system including a multi-battery may allow battery modules having various performances and outputs to maintain states of charge (SOCs) (%) in a uniform ratio by estimating the SOCs of the respective battery modules and re-scaling the SOCs according to a capacity criterion of a control unit.

Abstract: Provided are a cell screening device for selecting battery cells of a high-risk group, and a cell screening method using the same. According to the present invention, the battery cells may be ordered in the order of high probability of being out of an upper limit value or a lower limit value of an operating voltage among a plurality of battery cells using state information calculated for each battery cell, thereby making it possible to select the battery cells of the high-risk group.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of carboxylic acid during the preparation of precipitated silica or a suspension of precipitated silica and to the precipitated silicas thus obtained, particularly with low water uptake, which can be used, for example, as a reinforcing filler in silicon matrices.

Abstract: Provided are a battery management system and a battery management method using the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to select high-risk battery cells that are highly likely to be out of an operating voltage range by applying a change amount according to SoH for each of the battery cells to each SoC for each of the battery cells, and calculate the representative SoH of the battery pack based on the selected high-risk battery cells, and then calculate the actual usable capacity of the battery pack.

Abstract: Provided is a battery pack including a busbar connection state protection circuit that detects an opening of a busbar when the busbar that connects between unit batteries is opened by damage and prevents a problem in that a reverse voltage generated when the busbar is damaged damages a battery management board. Provided is also a method for detecting whether or not a busbar is opened using the battery pack, capable of easily detecting whether or not the busbar is opened using the battery pack.

Abstract: Provided are a cell screening device for selecting battery cells of a high-risk group, and a cell screening method using the same. According to the present invention, the battery cells may be ordered in the order of high probability of being out of an upper limit value or a lower limit value of an operating voltage among a plurality of battery cells using state information calculated for each battery cell, thereby making it possible to select the battery cells of the high-risk group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery pack system. In the battery pack system including a multi-battery according to the present invention, replacement may be easily performed in a lower unit of the battery pack system, the battery pack system including a multi-battery may include the battery modules having various forms and performances and capable of being arranged so as to increase space efficiency of the battery pack system, the battery pack system including a multi-battery includes the battery modules having various forms and performances, such that an energy density of the battery pack system may be improved, and the battery pack system including a multi-battery may allow battery modules having various performances and outputs to maintain states of charge (SOCs) (%) in a uniform ratio by estimating the SOCs of the respective battery modules and re-scaling the SOCs according to a capacity criterion of a control unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a variable valve timing (VVT) in an internal combustion engine, which varies an opening and closing time of an intake valve and an exhaust valve by controlling a rotation phase of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, includes a controller configured to determine whether an engine state enters a scavenging region or not in an overlap area of the intake valve and the exhaust valve and to control the VVT to reduce a valve overlap period depending on a period of time elapsed after the engine state enters the scavenging region.

Abstract: Provided is a battery pack including a busbar connection state protection circuit that detects an opening of a busbar when the busbar that connects between unit batteries is opened by damage and prevents a problem in that a reverse voltage generated when the busbar is damaged damages a battery management board. Provided is also a method for detecting whether or not a busbar is opened using the battery pack, capable of easily detecting whether or not the busbar is opened using the battery pack.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a variable valve timing (VVT) in an internal combustion engine, which varies an opening and closing time of an intake valve and an exhaust valve by controlling a rotation phase of a camshaft with respect to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, includes a controller configured to determine whether an engine state enters a scavenging region or not in an overlap area of the intake valve and the exhaust valve and to control the VVT to reduce a valve overlap period depending on a period of time elapsed after the engine state enters the scavenging region.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the cervical brace includes the part of chin support in the form of a circular ring; the part of shoulder support in the form of a circular ring; the hinge part which connects the parts of chin support and shoulder support; the moving part which adjusts the distance between the chin-supporting part and shoulder-supporting part. This moving part corrects the posture of the cervical spine by adjusting height of the chin-supporting part.

Abstract: A battery charging circuit includes a plurality of unit batteries that are connected in series; a current path forming unit that is connected between the unit batteries and forms a charging current path to one or more unit batteries selected by one or more selection signals; a control unit that senses the charging status of each of the plurality of the unit batteries, and generates the selection signals and controls the duty ratio according to the sensing results; and a charging electricity providing unit that controls the charging voltage provided to the charging current path forming unit according to the duty ratio of the charging control pulse.

Abstract: Provided is a battery charge circuit including a charging power supply unit configured to generate an internal voltage using an external power supply; a charging unit configured to measure voltages of first to fourth batteries, output measurement signals, and selectively charge at least one among the first to fourth batteries in response to charge control signals; and a control unit configured to select charging methods corresponding to the measurement signals among a plurality of charging methods stored therein, and generate the control signals corresponding to the charging methods.

Abstract: Provided is a battery charge circuit including a charging power supply unit configured to generate an internal voltage using an external power supply; a charging unit configured to measure voltages of a plurality of batteries, output measurement signals, and selectively charge at least one among the plurality of batteries in response to charge control signals; and a control unit configured to select charging methods corresponding to the measurement signals, and generate the control signals corresponding to the charging methods.

Abstract: Provided is an over-current protection apparatus including a current sensor configured to transform input current into a voltage signal, and output the voltage signal; an over-current sensing unit driven according to the voltage signal output from the current sensor; and an over-current determination unit configured to generate a switching unit driving signal, the logic level of which is determined according to a duration of an output signal of the over-current sensing unit.