Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer structure between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the dielectric layer structure including a first surface facing the lower electrode and a second surface facing the upper electrode. The dielectric layer structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material and a plurality of grains extending from the first surface to the second surface and a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material and surrounding a portion of a sidewall of each of the plurality of grains of the first dielectric layer in a level lower than the second surface. The second dielectric material includes a material having bandgap energy which is higher than bandgap energy of the first dielectric material.

Abstract: Exterior facing panels for outer walls of the buildings including plural panels, each of the panels having a top face; side faces connected to the top face and bent downwardly from the edge of the top face; inward-bent end portions connected to the side faces and bent inwardly to the panel in a substantially right angle with respect to the side faces, and the inward-bent end portions supporting and holding an adiabatic material filed with the panels, engaging holes extending laterally across some parts of the side faces in a manner that the adjacent engaging holes of the adjacent side faces of the adjacent panels do not face oppositely with each other; and a clip having a claw for engaging with the engaging hole, a holding portion for engaging with the inward-bent end portion of the panel, a connecting portion for connecting the clip with a frame which is used for structurally holding and supporting the exterior facing panels, and an adiabatic plate attached to a bottom of the connecting portion for preventin

Abstract: Present invention relates to exterior facing panels for outer walls of the buildings comprising plural panels, each of the panels comprising a top face; side faces connected to said top face and bent downwardly from the edge of the top face; inward-bent end portions connected to said side faces and bent inwardly to the panel in substantially right angle with respect to said side faces, and said inward-bent end portions supporting and holding an adiabatic materials filed with the panels, engaging holes extending laterally across some parts of the side faces in a manner that the adjacent engaging holes of the adjacent side faces of the adjacent panels do not face oppositely with each other; and a clip having a claw for engaging with said engaging hole, a holding portion for engaging with said inward-bent end portion of the panel, a connecting portion for connecting the clip with a frame which are used for structurally holding and supporting the exterior facing panels, and an adiabatic plate attached to bottom o