Abstract: A positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel-based composite oxide including secondary particles formed by aggregation of one or more primary particles, wherein a part of cations and a part of anions in the lithium nickel-based composite oxide are substituted, respectively, with cations M? and fluorine anions (F?) in a fluorine-based compound.

Abstract: A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are disclosed. The positive active material includes a core including a lithium intercalation compound and a crystalline coating compound on a surface of the core and including a crystalline aluminum hydroxide, a crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are disclosed. The positive active material includes a core including a lithium intercalation compound and a crystalline coating compound on a surface of the core and including a crystalline aluminum hydroxide, a crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A real-time frame authentication protocol is presented for in-vehicle networks. A frame identifier is made anonymous to unauthorized entities but identifiable by the authorized entities. Anonymous identifiers are generated on a per-frame basis and embedded into each data frame transmitted by a sending ECU. Receiving ECUs use the anonymous identifiers to filter incoming data frames before verifying data integrity. Invalid data frame are filtered without requiring any additional run-time computations.

Abstract: A real-time frame authentication protocol is presented for in-vehicle networks. A frame identifier is made anonymous to unauthorized entities but identifiable by the authorized entities. Anonymous identifiers are generated on a per-frame basis and embedded into each data frame transmitted by a sending ECU. Receiving ECUs use the anonymous identifiers to filter incoming data frames before verifying data integrity. Invalid data frame are filtered without requiring any additional run-time computations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating a sensor node in a sensor network. The method for authenticating a sensor node by a first sink node in a sensor network includes receiving an authentication request using an authentication ticket from the sensor node, identifying a second sink node which has issued the authentication ticket, decoding the authentication ticket using a group key, which is previously stored in correspondence to the second sink node to confirm the validity of the authentication ticket, when the second sink node is included in a neighboring node list, normally processing authentication for the sensor node, generating an authentication ticket using a group key of the first sink node, and transmitting the generated authentication ticket to the sensor node.

Abstract: Disclosed a system and method for mutual authentication between a node and a sink in a sensor network. At least one sink periodically creates a neighboring sink list including information on at least one adjacent sink, and the sink requests node authentication to a base station when receiving an authentication request from the node and transmits its own neighboring sink list to the node when the node authentication has been completed. When the node moves and requests authentication to another sink, the another sink stores a neighboring sink list received from the node, determines if a node-authenticable sink exists in its own neighboring sink list according to the authentication request, and requests re-authentication of the node to the node-authenticable sink when the node-authenticable sink exists, so that re-authentication between the node and the sink is easily performed.

Abstract: An authentication method is provided in which a first portable device generates and transmits a first random number and a first timestamp to a first USIM in the first portable device; the first USIM calculates a first sign for the first portable device; the first portable device requests authentication for authenticated communication from a second portable device through transmission of the first random number, the first timestamp, and the first sign to the second portable device; the second portable device generates a second random number and a second timestamp and transmits the information to a second USIM in the second portable device; the second USIM generates a second sign for the second portable device and a second personal key which the second portable device transmits to the first portable device; the first portable device then transmits the information to the first USIM which generates a first personal key for authenticated communication.

Abstract: A system is provided for authentication between a mobile device (MD) and a sink using a mobile communication network. If a sink authentication request for the sink is received from the MD, a base station (BS) sends a sink authentication response including sink authentication information for the sink, to the MD. The MD forwards the sink authentication request for the sink to the BS, and if a sink authentication response is received from the BS, authenticates the sink using the received sink authentication information. The sink performs authentication with the MD.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating a sensor node in a sensor network. The method for authenticating a sensor node by a first sink node in a sensor network includes receiving an authentication request using an authentication ticket from the sensor node, identifying a second sink node which has issued the authentication ticket, decoding the authentication ticket using a group key, which is previously stored in correspondence to the second sink node to confirm the validity of the authentication ticket, when the second sink node is included in a neighboring node list, normally processing authentication for the sensor node, generating an authentication ticket using a group key of the first sink node, and transmitting the generated authentication ticket to the sensor node.

Abstract: Disclosed a system and method for mutual authentication between a node and a sink in a sensor network. At least one sink periodically creates a neighboring sink list including information on at least one adjacent sink, and the sink requests node authentication to a base station when receiving an authentication request from the node and transmits its own neighboring sink list to the node when the node authentication has been completed. When the node moves and requests authentication to another sink, the another sink stores a neighboring sink list received from the node, determines if a node-authenticable sink exists in its own neighboring sink list according to the authentication request, and requests re-authentication of the node to the node-authenticable sink when the node-authenticable sink exists, so that re-authentication between the node and the sink is easily performed.

Abstract: An authentication method is provided in which a first portable device generates and transmits a first random number and a first timestamp to a first USIM in the first portable device; the first USIM calculates a first sign for the first portable device; the first portable device requests authentication for authenticated communication from a second portable device through transmission of the first random number, the first timestamp, and the first sign to the second portable device; the second portable device generates a second random number and a second timestamp and transmits the information to a second USIM in the second portable device; the second USIM generates a second sign for the second portable device and a second personal key which the second portable device transmits to the first portable device; the first portable device then transmits the information to the first USIM which generates a first personal key for authenticated communication.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to circuit for stabilizing a voltage, and more particularly to a power supply circuit of a power factor compensation type maintaining a PFC output voltage to be either of daulized magnitudes according to an input voltage after classifying the input voltages by a certain critical voltage range, thus improving an efficiency by 2 to 3% in case of the low AC input voltage.