Abstract: Provided is a Raman scattering measurement apparatus including a light source which emits light to smoke particles, a filter configured to block light which is incident to the smoke particles and passes through the particle and to allow Raman scattered light to pass therethrough, and a photodetector which detects the Raman scattered light passing through the filter in order to distinguish fire smoke generated due to a true fire from non-fire smoke generated due to daily life or industrial activity. The present invention also provides a fire determination apparatus including a unit which reads a Raman shift from Raman scattered light detected by the photodetector of the Raman scattering measurement apparatus, estimates a smoke component from the read Raman shift, and determines fire/non-fire from the estimated smoke component and a method thereof.

Abstract: A sterilizing device includes a pipe having an inlet and an outlet and allowing fluid to move therethrough and a light source provided on one side of the pipe and providing light to the fluid. At least a portion of the pipe is provided in a spiral shape and the inlet and/or the outlet are arranged in a light emitting region.

Abstract: A sterilization module including a light source configured to irradiate ultraviolet light, a board on which the light source is mounted, a protective tube accommodating the board therein and configured to transmit ultraviolet light irradiated from the light source, a first base coupled to one side of the protective tube, and a second base coupled to the other side of the protective tube, in which at least one of the first base and the second base includes an insertion part to be inserted into the protective tube, the insertion part having a first diameter when viewed in a first cross-section perpendicular to a length direction of the protective tube, and a cover part integrally formed on the insertion part and having a second diameter greater than the first diameter in the first cross-section.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for generating instantaneous and uniform total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) excitation. An annular fiber bundle and is used with spatially incoherent light to provide appropriate illumination matched to parameters of the back focal plane of an oil-immersion or in-air imaging objective lens, enabling quantitative shadowless TIRF imaging.

Abstract: A dual inclined beam line-scanning confocal microscope apparatus, associated method, and applications thereof. An embodied dual-inclined beam line-scanning confocal microscope (2iLS) utilizes dual, parallel excitation beams each having a focused line shape that are scanned over a fluorescent sample. The emitted fluorescence from the sample is spatially filtered and detected by an array detector. 2iLS microscopy provides high resolution, ultrasensitivity, and deep optical sectioning capability. A reduced excitation intensity lowers photobleaching and photodamage.

Abstract: A fluorescent emission HIST microscope utilizes a highly inclined tile beam that is scanned over a biological sample object. Fluorescence emission from the sample is propagated through a confocal slit into an sCMOS camera supporting a rolling shutter mode. The tile beam is synchronously swept with the readout of the camera to facilitate the rejection of background. The system provides for decoupling of the total imaging area from the beam thickness, which now solely depends on the width of the tile beam, enabling a thinner illumination and larger FOV imaging. Clear visualization of single molecules across a 130 ?m×130 ?m FOV provided a greater than 40× FOV than conventional HILO imaging. An associated imaging method is disclosed.

Abstract: An illumination system may include an illumination source, a line-projection system to simultaneously illuminate a pupil plane with a static distribution of a plurality of one-dimensional (1D) coherent beams. Each of the 1D coherent beams of the plurality of 1D coherent beams may extend lengthwise along a coherent direction between boundaries of the pupil plane, have a width along an incoherent direction perpendicular to the coherent direction, and are distributed in a parallel distribution along the incoherent direction. Each of the 1D coherent beams of the plurality of 1D coherent beams is also spatially coherent along the coherent direction and spatially incoherent along the incoherent direction. The system may further include an objective lens to form a light sheet in an imaging plane based on an incoherent superposition of the plurality of 1D coherent beams.

Abstract: A dual inclined beam line-scanning confocal microscope apparatus, associated method, and applications thereof. An embodied dual-inclined beam line-scanning confocal microscope (2iLS) utilizes dual, parallel excitation beams each having a focused line shape that are scanned over a fluorescent sample. The emitted fluorescence from the sample is spatially filtered and detected by an array detector. 2iLS microscopy provides high resolution, ultrasensitivity, and deep optical sectioning capability. A reduced excitation intensity lowers photobleaching and photodamage.

Abstract: A fluorescent emission HIST microscope utilizes a highly inclined tile beam that is scanned over a biological sample object. Fluorescence emission from the sample is propagated through a confocal slit into an sCMOS camera supporting a rolling shutter mode. The tile beam is synchronously swept with the readout of the camera to facilitate the rejection of background. The system provides for decoupling of the total imaging area from the beam thickness, which now solely depends on the width of the tile beam, enabling a thinner illumination and larger FOV imaging. Clear visualization of single molecules across a 130 ?m×130 ?m FOV provided a greater than 40× FOV than conventional HILO imaging. An associated imaging method is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method of treating a substrate using process gas. The apparatus may include a chamber configured to provide a treatment space, in which a process of treating a substrate is performed, a detection unit configured to detect an amount of reaction by-products attached on an inner surface of the chamber. The detection unit may include a window member provided on the inner surface of the chamber, and a light source member configured to emit and receive light through the window member.

Abstract: In a STED fluorescence light microscope pulses of excitation light (3) are applied to a sample, which excite fluorescent entities contained in the sample for fluorescence, and which are focused on at least one focal area. Further, de-excitation light (12) is applied to the sample, which de-excites the excited fluorescent entities and which comprises an intensity zero point in the at least one focal area, as a continuous wave. Fluorescence light emitted by the excited fluorescent entities in the sample is registered after each pulse of the excitation light (3) and overlapping with applying the de-excitation light (13) with high temporal resolution between consecutive pulses of the excitation light (3).

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method of treating a substrate using process gas. The apparatus may include a chamber configured to provide a treatment space, in which a process of treating a substrate is performed, a detection unit configured to detect an amount of reaction by-products attached on an inner surface of the chamber. The detection unit may include a window member provided on the inner surface of the chamber, and a light source member configured to emit and receive light through the window member.

Abstract: In a STED fluorescence light microscope pulses of excitation light (3) are applied to a sample, which excite fluorescent entities contained in the sample for fluorescence, and which are focused on at least one focal area. Further, de-excitation light (12) is applied to the sample, which de-excites the excited fluorescent entities and which comprises an intensity zero point in the at least one focal area, as a continuous wave. Fluorescence light emitted by the excited fluorescent entities in the sample is registered after each pulse of the excitation light (3) and overlapping with applying the de-excitation light (13) with high temporal resolution between consecutive pulses of the excitation light (3).

Abstract: An antenna incorporating slow wave structures. The antenna comprises at least two conductive serpentine structures disposed on a dielectric substrate and further comprising an oppositely disposed conductive top plate electrically connected to the conductive serpentine structures and farther electromagnetically connected thereto. In one embodiment the antenna further comprises a ground plane below the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: An antenna incorporating slow wave structures. The antenna comprises at least two conductive serpentine structures disposed on a dielectric substrate and further comprising an oppositely disposed conductive top plate electrically connected to the conductive serpentine structures and farther electromagnetically connected thereto. In one embodiment the antenna further comprises a ground plane below the dielectric substrate.