Abstract: A multi-bit non-volatile memory device and methods of operating and fabricating the same may be provided. The memory device may include a channel region formed in a semiconductor substrate, and a source and drain that form a Schottky contact with the channel region. Also, a central gate electrode may be located on a portion of the channel region, and first and second sidewall gate electrodes may be formed on the channel region along the outer sides of the central gate electrode. First and second storage nodes may be formed between the channel region and the sidewall gate electrodes.

Abstract: A memory system includes; a main board having memory bus with a wiring line communicating a signal from a memory controller mounted on the main board, first and second module sockets mounted on the main board and connecting the wiring line to first and second memory modules respectively inserted into the first and second module sockets, where the first memory module includes a first electrode connected to the wiring line and the second memory module includes a second electrode connected to the wiring line, and first and second stub resistors disposed on the main board and arranged as primary dual-branching stub resistors forming a T-branch connection structure between the first and second electrodes and a branching node connected to the wiring line.

Abstract: Provided are an organic light emitting diode and a method of manufacturing the same. The organic light emitting diode adjusts an optical resonance thickness and prevents spectrum distortions without use of an auxiliary layer. The organic light emitting diode includes a first electrode that is optically reflective; a second electrode that is optically transmissible and faces the first electrode; an organic emission layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic emission layer including: a first emission layer including a mixed layer that contains a host material and a dopant material, and a second emission layer comprising only the host material; and a carrier injection transport layer interposed between the organic emission layer and the first electrode or between the organic emission layer and the second electrode.

Abstract: A light emitting device having a light extraction structure, which is capable of achieving an enhancement in light extraction efficiency and reliability, and a method for manufacturing the same. The light emitting device includes a semiconductor layer having a multi-layered structure including a light emission layer; and a light extraction structure formed on the semiconductor layer in a pattern having unit structures. Further, the wall of each of the unit structures is sloped at an angle of ?45° to +45° from a virtual vertical line being parallel to a main light emitting direction of the light emitting device.

Abstract: A circuit for outputting an amplified clock signal is disclosed. The circuit includes a first input terminal for inputting a first clock signal, a second input terminal for inputting a second clock signal, a first amplifier circuit for amplifying the first clock signal and outputting a first amplified clock signal at a first output terminal, and a second amplifier circuit for amplifying the second clock signal and outputting a second amplified clock signal at a second output terminal. The circuit additionally includes a level maintenance circuit connected to the first output terminal and the second output terminal. The circuit further includes an output circuit connected to the first output terminal and the second output terminal and configured to output a further amplified clock signal based on the first amplified clock signal and the second amplified clock signal. The level maintenance circuit is configured to reduce duty distortion in the further amplified clock signal.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal at a variable data rate in human body communications. The apparatus includes a header generator, a data generator, a spreader, and a multiplexer. The header generator generates header information including a data rate. The data generator generates transmission data by repeating each data bit to be transmitted 0 to several times according to the data rate. The spreader spreads the transmission data using a spreading code in a desired frequency band. The multiplexer multiplexes the header information and the spread data.

Abstract: An oscillator including: a first complementary differential amplifier (CDA) outputting a first output signal obtained by amplifying signals input to a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the first CDA; and a second CDA outputting a second output signal obtained by amplifying signals input to a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the second CDA, the second output signal having a differential phase with respect to the first output signal, wherein the first CDA may include an output terminal connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second CDA and the second CDA may include an output terminal connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the first CDA.

Abstract: Provided are modulation and demodulation methods and apparatuses using a frequency selective baseband. The frequency modulation method includes: generating a plurality of subgroups by dividing 2N (N is a real number) spread codes used for frequency spreading into 2M (M<N, M is a real number) spread codes; selecting P(P is a real number) subgroups among the generated subgroups; acquiring P spread codes by inputting M data bits to each of the p subgroups so as for 1 spread code to be selected among the 2M spread codes of each subgroup; and selecting dominant value among the acquired P spread codes to generate transmitting data including the dominant value. Accordingly, it is possible to increase a processing gain of the entire system, to increase a transmission data rate, and to reduce power consumption of the system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical sheet for use in liquid crystal displays, which is not easily damaged by external impact, thus facilitating handling thereof and decreasing defective rates, resulting in reduced production costs and increased production efficiency. Decreases in the luminance of the optical sheet due to damage can be prevented.

Abstract: A ESD protection circuit includes: a first clamp connected between a first power line and a ground line; a second clamp connected between the ground line and a second power line; a first output buffer connected between the first power line and the ground line, and providing a first operating voltage; a second output buffer connected between the ground line and the second power line, and providing a second operating voltage; a first switch unit configured to transfer the first operating voltage to an I/O pad; a second switch unit configured to transfer the second operating voltage to the I/O pad; a first transfer unit comprising one or more diodes connected in series between the first power line and the I/O pad; and a second transfer unit comprising one or more diodes connected in series between the I/O pad and the second power line.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic and amino acid sequences of a taste cell receptor that serves as a sensor for the bitter taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), antibodies to such PTC taste receptor, methods of detecting such nucleic and amino acid sequences, and methods of screening for modulators of such PTC taste receptor.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween, the electrode assembly having an uncoated region; a case for housing the electrode assembly; an outer terminal; a cap assembly combined with the case and sealing the case, and combined with the outer terminal; and a tab. The tab includes a terminal element connected with the outer terminal; left and right connection elements extended from ends of the terminal element and disposed to correspond to each other in parallel; and left and right inward junction elements connected at respective sides of the left and right connection elements through respective bending areas to form gaps relative to a part of the respective left and right connection elements and electrically connected with the uncoated region of the electrode assembly through the gaps.

Abstract: A wiper blade includes a wiper strip for contacting a windshield glass of a vehicle, a lever assembly supporting the wiper strip to squeeze onto the windshield glass, and a cover member containing the lever assembly, wherein the lever assembly includes, a pair of first levers, each with both ends engaged with and point-supporting the wiper strip to form an engaging portion on the wiper strip respectively, and a pair of the second levers, each with one end hinge-coupled to a corresponding one of the first levers and with the other end coupled with the cover member and the wiper strip.

Abstract: Provided is a power control method and resource management method of a femtocell base station in a wideband wireless access system. A macrocell base station receives received signal strength from a femtocell base station in a macrocell of the macrocell base station, compares it with received signal strength reported by a terminal in the macrocell, and when a difference between the two received signal strength is less than a threshold value, it receives received signal strength on a signal received by the terminals in the macrocell from the corresponding femtocell base station. Further, the macrocell base station determines whether the corresponding macrocell terminal is located in the coverage of the femtocell base station based on the reported received signal strength of the femtocell base station, and transmits information for controlling power of the femtocell base station or managing a radio resource to the femtocell base station according to the determination result.

Abstract: The light emitting device, and corresponding method of manufacture, the light emitting device including a second electrode layer; a second conductive type semiconductor layer formed on the second electrode layer; an active layer formed on the second conductive type semiconductor layer; a first conductive type semiconductor layer formed with a first photonic crystal that includes a mask layer and an air gap formed on the active layer; and a first electrode layer formed on the first conductive type semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A rapid immunoassay method and apparatus for detecting foot and mouth disease virus are disclosed. The method and test device permit pen-side testing of animals and provide test results within a relatively short time period. In a preferred embodiment, the method and apparatus provide a means for differentiating between FMDV-infected and FMDV-vaccinated animals.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for controlling human body contact of ground electrode, and a human body communication system using the same. The apparatus includes a resistance measuring unit for applying a predetermined voltage to a human body through a signal electrode, to measure a resistance value between the signal electrode and the ground electrode; a contact control unit for determining whether the ground electrode needs to contact the human body by using the measured resistance value, to provide control information associated with human body contact; and a contact performing unit for bringing the ground electrode into contact or out of contact with the human body according to the control information.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a non-hygroscopic crystalline bepotastine metal salt hydrate, a method for preparing same, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising same for treating or preventing a histamine-mediated disease or an allergic disease.

Abstract: Provided are a light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same. A light emitting device includes an active layer; a first conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer; a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer so that the active layer is disposed between the first and second conductive semiconductor layers; and a photonic crystal structure comprising a first light extraction pattern on the first conductive semiconductor layer having a first period, and second light extraction pattern on the first conductive semiconductor layer having a second period, the first period being greater than ?/n, and the second period being identical to or smaller than ?/n, where n is a refractive index of the first conductive semiconductor layer, and ? is a wavelength of light emitted from the active layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to new functions of the DNA-PKcs gene product in energy metabolism, brain function and physical fitness.