Abstract: A method for generating antibodies preferable to either a normal protein and a mutated form of the normal protein, respectively, where a mutation associated with the mutated form includes either a single point mutation or a small number of point mutations where the method includes creating first and second antigenic peptides of a predetermined length corresponding respectively to common regions of the normal target protein and the mutated form, where the common regions are identical to one another except for the point mutation of the mutated form, obtaining first and second antibodies by multiplying the first and second antigenic peptides via hybridoma methods, and identifying the respective affinities of the first and second antibodies for the normal target protein and the mutated form. Also included are methods of using the first and second antibodies to detect and quantify respective amounts of a normal target protein and a mutated form of the target protein.

Abstract: A method for biosensing that includes passing, via convective flow, a sample believed to contain one or more target biomarkers through a microfluidic channel and over the surface of an optical waveguide that has been prepared to bind the one or more target biomarkers, and sensing for an emission output from the optical waveguide at a wavelength that is characteristic of the binding of the target biomarker. A biosensor device that includes a module defining at least one microfluidic channel, an optical waveguide exposed along at least a portion of its length to fluid flow within the microfluidic channel, where a surface of the optical waveguide being prepared to bind a target biomarker, and an excitation source to couple an excitation wavelength of light into the optical waveguide. The device also includes a sensor for detecting emission light from the optical waveguide at an emission wavelength characteristic of binding of the target biomarker.

Abstract: A method for generating antibodies preferable to either a normal protein and a mutated form of the normal protein, respectively, where a mutation associated with the mutated form includes either a single point mutation or a small number of point mutations where the method includes creating first and second antigenic peptides of a predetermined length corresponding respectively to common regions of the normal target protein and the mutated form, where the common regions are identical to one another except for the point mutation of the mutated form, obtaining first and second antibodies by multiplying the first and second antigenic peptides via hybridoma methods, and identifying the respective affinities of the first and second antibodies for the normal target protein and the mutated form. Also included are methods of using the first and second antibodies to detect and quantify respective amounts of a normal target protein and a mutated form of the target protein.