Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active pattern which includes a lower pattern extending in a first direction, and sheet patterns spaced apart from the lower pattern in a second direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the lower pattern, each sheet pattern including an upper surface and a lower surface, a gate structure disposed on the lower pattern and including a gate electrode and a gate insulating film, the gate electrode and the gate insulating film surrounding each sheet pattern, and a source/drain pattern disposed on at least one side of the gate structure. The gate structure includes inter-gate structures that are disposed between the lower pattern and a lowermost sheet pattern and between two sheet patterns, and contacts the source/drain pattern. The gate insulating film includes a horizontal portion with a first thickness, and a first vertical portion with a second thickness different from the first thickness.

Abstract: A quantum dot organic light-emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) layer, a quantum dot color conversion layer which is provided on the blue OLED layer and has different scattering particle structures according to R, G and B colors, a color filter layer which is provided on the quantum dot color conversion layer and filters color other than the color that the color filter layer passes from the colors emitted by the quantum dot color conversion layer, and a coating layer provided on the color filter layer.

Abstract: A backlight device includes LED elements divided into dimming groups; a panel driver configured to output a reference current for driving the LED elements; and pixel circuits, each of which is connected to the panel driver through a common line and is respectively configured to drive first LED elements comprised in a corresponding dimming group. Each of the pixel circuits is configured to: in a first period of a frame period, obtain a reference voltage based on the reference current and store the reference voltage, in a second period of the frame period, obtain luminance data of an image displayed by the corresponding dimming group, and in a third period of the frame period, drive the first LED elements during a light emitting time corresponding to the luminance data obtained in the second period using the reference voltage stored in the first period.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell system and a method of controlling a heater thereof. A fuel cell system according to the present disclosure includes a cathode oxygen depletion (COD) heater that is disposed on a line through which cooling water flowing into a fuel cell stack circulates and heats the cooling water or consumes residual power of the fuel cell stack, and a controller that determines power consumption according to a target heating amount of the COD heater and controls an operation of the COD heater based on the determined power consumption.

Abstract: A fuel cell system for a vehicle includes: a first cooling line to pass through a fuel cell stack in the vehicle and to circulate a first coolant therethrough; a second cooling line to pass through a power electronic part in the vehicle and to circulate a second coolant therethrough; and a heat exchanger to allow the first coolant and the second coolant to exchange heat.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: forming first to third preliminary active patterns on a substrate to have different intervals therebetween, forming first and second field insulating layers between the first and second preliminary active patterns and between the second and third preliminary active patterns, respectively, and forming first to third gate electrodes respectively on first to third active patterns formed based on the first to third preliminary active patterns, separated by first and second gate isolation structures.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a first display area including main pixels and a second display area including auxiliary pixels and transmissive portions; a camera module under the substrate to overlap the second display area in a thickness direction and including an image sensor; a control circuit board on the substrate and including a timing controller; and a main processor which provides an image signal to the timing controller. The camera module is directly connected to the control circuit board through a connection unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparation of mesenchymal stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells and, more particularly, to a method for preparation of mesenchymal stem cells, wherein mesenchymal stem cells differentiated from embryoid bodies of a certain size in a xeno-free and serum-free environment are prepared, whereby the mesenchymal stem cells exhibit increased safety and maintain their own characteristics for a long period of time. A method for preparation of mesenchymal stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells according to the present invention employs a feeder cell-free, xeno-free, and serum-free culture environment to solve the problem of contamination with a foreign animal-derived material and allow the preparation of highly safe mesenchymal stem cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting the resistance of liver cancer to sorafenib and enhancing an anticancer effect, comprising an Estrogen-related receptor ? (ERR?) inhibitor as an active ingredient. The present invention can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating sorafenib-resistant advanced liver cancer.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack includes detecting a failure of a first cooling fan that blows exterior air to a first radiator, opening a first valve such that first cooling water that passes via the fuel cell stack flows toward the fuel cell stack, controlling an RPM of a blower of an air conditioning system to a maximum level, controlling an opening degree of a second valve according to a cooling degree of the first radiator and a cooling degree of the air conditioning system, and controlling an RPM of a first pump that pumps the first cooling water to a maximum level.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having a display region, and including a light transmission region overlapping an electronic element within an edge portion of the display region, and a panel driver configured to drive the display panel, and configured to perform an edge-dimming operation that gradually decreases a luminance of an area of the display region excluding the light transmission region from a center portion of the display region to the edge portion of the display region while not decreasing a luminance of the light transmission region.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a first cooling line having first cooling water that passes via the fuel cell stack and circulates therein, a first radiator that cools the first cooling water, an air conditioning system that forms a heating loop with a first cooling line, a first cooling fan that blows exterior air to the first radiator, a first pump that pumps the first cooling water, a valve that switches a flow path of the first cooling water to the fuel cell stack or the first radiator, and a controller connected to the first cooling fan, the first pump, and the valve, and configured to detect a failure of the valve, control RPMs of the first pump and the first cooling fan to respective maximum levels, and control an RPM of a blower of the air conditioning system to a maximum level.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for predicting movement of a user of a vehicle. The apparatus may include an acceleration sensor that senses an acceleration of the vehicle, a braking controller that automatically controls a deceleration of the vehicle, a steering controller that automatically controls a direction of the vehicle, and a control circuit electrically connected to the acceleration sensor, the braking controller, and the steering controller, where the control circuit may monitor an operation of the braking controller, and predict a movement of the user of the vehicle based on a longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle sensed by the acceleration sensor and a first predetermined parameter when braking by the braking controller is detected.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle location providing apparatus for providing a location of an autonomous vehicle which travels to a location of a user depending on a call of the user and a method thereof are provided. The autonomous vehicle location providing apparatus receives a call, a call location, and user information from a user's terminal and communicates with the user's terminal around an autonomous vehicle corresponding to the user information, while the autonomous vehicle travels to the call location depending on the call. The autonomous vehicle location providing apparatus provides a location of the autonomous vehicle which travels to a location of the user depending on a call of the user to recognize a customer who calls an auto-taxi.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having first and second regions therein, a first lower semiconductor pattern, which protrudes from the semiconductor substrate in the first region and extends in a first direction across the semiconductor substrate, and a first gate electrode, which extends across the first lower semiconductor pattern and the semiconductor substrate in a second direction. A plurality of semiconductor sheet patterns are provided, which are spaced apart from each other in a third direction to thereby define a vertical stack of semiconductor sheet patterns, on the first lower semiconductor pattern. A first gate insulating film is provided, which separates the plurality of semiconductor sheet patterns from the first gate electrode. A second lower semiconductor pattern is provided, which protrudes from the semiconductor substrate in the second region. A plurality of wire patterns are provided, which are spaced apart from each other on the second lower semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a first cooling line configured to circulate a first coolant that passes via the fuel cell stack, a first radiator disposed on the first cooling line, a valve configured to switch a flow path of the first coolant to the fuel cell stack or the first radiator, and a controller connected to the valve and configured to set a target temperature at an inlet of the fuel cell stack and a correction coefficient for controlling an opening degree of the valve, measure a first coolant temperature at an outlet of the fuel cell stack and a second coolant temperature at an outlet of the first radiator, calculate the opening degree of the valve based on the first coolant temperature, the second coolant temperature, the target temperature, and the correction coefficient, and correct the correction coefficient based on comparison of a third coolant temperature at the inlet of the fuel cell stack and the target temperature, in response to the opening degree being within a first ran

Abstract: A monitoring device and a vehicle having the same. The monitoring device includes a camera configured to obtain an image; a display configured to display the image; a tilting adjustor configured to adjust a tilting angle of the camera; and a controller configured to recognize a brightness of a first image displayed on the display and control the tilting adjustor to adjust the tilting angle of the camera in response to determining that the recognized brightness is greater than or equal to a reference value, and after adjusting the tilting angle of the camera, control the tilting adjustor to adjust the tilting angle of the camera to an initial tilting angle in response to determining that a brightness of a second image displayed the display is less than or equal to a release value.

Abstract: A method of operating a controller that controls an operation of a semiconductor memory device including a meta area, a normal area, and a state area, includes sensing a turn-on of a memory system including the controller, checking a last state flag among at least one or more state flags stored in the state area, and determining whether to perform a reclaim operation on meta data stored in the meta area based on the checked state flag.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a first cooling line configured to circulate a first coolant that passes via the fuel cell stack, a first radiator disposed on the first cooling line, a valve configured to switch a flow path of the first coolant to the fuel cell stack or the first radiator, and a controller connected to the valve and configured to set a target temperature at an inlet of the fuel cell stack and a correction coefficient for controlling an opening degree of the valve, measure a first coolant temperature at an outlet of the fuel cell stack and a second coolant temperature at an outlet of the first radiator, calculate the opening degree of the valve based on the first coolant temperature, the second coolant temperature, the target temperature, and the correction coefficient, and correct the correction coefficient based on comparison of a third coolant temperature at the inlet of the fuel cell stack and the target temperature, in response to the opening degree being within a first ran

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus and method for fuel cell system, where the apparatus includes a fuel cell stack, a first pump disposed on a first cooling line, a first radiator disposed on the first cooling line, power electronic parts, a second pump disposed on a second cooling line, a second radiator disposed on the second cooling line, a cooling fan configured to blow exterior air to any one of the first radiator and the second radiator, and a controller configured to determine an RPM of the cooling fan based on a coolant temperature at an inlet of the fuel cell stack and a first exterior air temperature, to determine a target cooling performance of the plurality of power electronic parts based on power consumptions of the plurality of power electronic parts, and to determine an RPM of the second pump based on the target cooling performance of the plurality of power electronic parts, the RPM of the cooling fan, and a second exterior air temperature.