Abstract: A hydrogen supply method includes a two-side heat exchange mode in which both introducing a second fluid into a hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with a first fluid in a second heat exchanger in a state in which a compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in a thermal device are performed. The method also includes a one-side heat exchange mode in which one of introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with the first fluid in the second heat exchanger in a state in which the compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in the thermal device is performed.

Abstract: An apparatus of verifying a software integrity of a vehicle controller and a method thereof includes a communication device that provides a communication interface with a software management system, and a controller which is configured to obtain first verification data of the vehicle controller from the software management system, obtains second verification data from the vehicle controller, and verifies an integrity of software loaded in the vehicle controller based on the obtained first verification data and the obtained second verification data.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first stacked structure including a plurality of first insulating patterns and a plurality of first semiconductor patterns alternately stacked on a substrate, the first stacked structure extending in a first direction parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, a first conductive pattern on one side surface of the first stacked structure, the first conductive pattern extending in a second direction crossing the upper surface of the substrate, and a first ferroelectric layer between the first stacked structure and the first conductive pattern, the first ferroelectric layer extending in the second direction, wherein each of the first semiconductor patterns includes a first impurity region, a first channel region and a second impurity region which are sequentially arranged along the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electric bicycle speed control device and method. According to the present invention, a torque of a motor for driving a wheel is controlled so that a speed of a pedal driven by a user follows a speed of the wheel, and a torque of the pedal is also controlled by applying an assist level according to the torque of the motor. Therefore, even in an electric bicycle with a chain, it is possible to feel a feeling of the pedal like a bicycle with a chain, and it is possible to adjust the force applied to the pedal according to the assist level.

Abstract: An actuator includes a fixed frame, a movable frame accommodated in the fixed frame and moving linearly and rotationally on a plane perpendicular to an optical axis, a driving unit disposed in the fixed frame and the movable frame to provide driving force for moving the movable frame; a sensor substrate including a movable portion coupled to the movable frame to move together with the movable frame, and a fixed portion coupled to the fixed frame; and an image sensor disposed on the sensor substrate. The movable frame includes a reinforcing plate made of a material different from a material of the movable frame, and the reinforcing plate includes a bent portion bent toward the sensor substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a boosting mode of an electric bicycle, and has the effect of enabling safe operation of the electric bicycle while providing a necessary acceleration force by preventing a sudden acceleration not intended by a user by double determining the user's intention when rapid acceleration is required, such as when starting or overtaking an electric bicycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for driving a chainless electric bicycle comprising: a driving wheel; a pedal; a motor mechanically connected to the driving wheel; a generator mechanically connected to the pedal; and a battery, wherein provided is a system comprising: a generator location sensor for measuring the value of a rotation location of the generator; a motor location sensor for measuring the value of a rotation location of the motor; and a controller configured to calculate a difference value of the value of the rotation location of the motor minus the value of the rotation location of the generator multiplied by a gear ratio, and to control at least one of the generator and the motor on the basis of the difference value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electric bicycle speed control device and method. According to the present invention, a torque of a motor for driving a wheel is controlled so that a speed of a pedal driven by a user follows a speed of the wheel, and a torque of the pedal is also controlled by applying an assist level according to the torque of the motor. Therefore, even in an electric bicycle with a chain, it is possible to feel a feeling of the pedal like a bicycle with a chain, and it is possible to adjust the force applied to the pedal according to the assist level.

Abstract: A method of operating a pre-amplifier of a hard disk drive is provided. The method includes generating a comparison signal corresponding to a result of comparing a reference signal with a difference between differential signals corresponding to write data, and controlling transmission of the differential signals to a write head in response to the comparison signal.

Abstract: A method of operating a pre-amplifier of a hard disk drive is provided. The method includes generating a comparison signal corresponding to a result of comparing a reference signal with a difference between differential signals corresponding to write data, and controlling transmission of the differential signals to a write head in response to the comparison signal.

Abstract: A recording current optimization method to optimize a recording current according to a change of a driving voltage applied to a pre-amplifier that generates the recording current supplied to a head, a recording medium storing a program that executes the method, and an apparatus that employs the method. The method of optimizing the recording current provided to the recording head of the hard disk drive includes detecting a driving voltage of the pre-amplifier, determining a voltage difference between the detected driving voltage and a reference driving voltage of the pre-amplifier, and optimizing the recording current according to the determined voltage difference. The recording current is adaptively optimized according to the change of the pre-amplifier driving power to provide the recording current to the head such that adjacent track erasure (ATE) and weak write (WW) are prevented from occurring due to the change of the driving power.

Abstract: A recording current optimization method to optimize a recording current according to a change of a driving voltage applied to a pre-amplifier that generates the recording current supplied to a head, a recording medium storing a program that executes the method, and an apparatus that employs the method. The method of optimizing the recording current provided to the recording head of the hard disk drive includes detecting a driving voltage of the pre-amplifier, determining a voltage difference between the detected driving voltage and a reference driving voltage of the pre-amplifier, and optimizing the recording current according to the determined voltage difference. The recording current is adaptively optimized according to the change of the pre-amplifier driving power to provide the recording current to the head such that adjacent track erasure (ATE) and weak write (WW) are prevented from occurring due to the change of the driving power.

Abstract: A method of making and updating an optimal unlatch profile for a hard disk drive (HDD) to adjust an input current to a voice coil motor (VCM) by making an optimal unlatch profile for the characteristics of a HDD, downloading the optimal unlatch profile to a flash ROM (FROM), and updating the optimal unlatch profile is provided. The method includes making an optimal unlatch profile for the characteristics of the HDD, and updating the unlatch profile by downloading the optimal unlatch profile to the FROM and thereby update the FROM.