Abstract: There is an apparatus for recovering errors in supply chain transaction information. The apparatus includes a memory that stores at least one instruction; and a processor, wherein, when the at least one instruction is executed by the processor, a map is prepared based on a plurality of pieces of event information from two or more players involved in a manufacturing or distribution process of a specific product, and each of the plurality of pieces of event information includes transaction information on the supply chain of the product, and error event information that is lost or has outliers among the plurality of pieces of event information is recovered by acquiring and using history information transmitted and received between the players from the map.

Abstract: The present disclosure a method of operating user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: identifying layer information that is applied to a neural polar code; generating, based on the identified layer information, transmission data by encoding data that is input into the neural polar code; and transmitting the transmission data to a base station, wherein, based on polar code transformation, the neural polar code generates the transmission data by performing encoding, based on the polar code transformation, from an initial layer of the data to a first layer according to the identified layer information and by performing encoding through a neural network-based autoencoder after the first layer until the transmission data is generated.

Abstract: The present disclosure is an embodiment of a method for operating a terminal, and the method for operating a terminal in a wireless communication system includes requesting, by the terminal, reference signal (RS) group-related configuration information to a base station, receiving RS group-related configuration information from the base station, learning a first parameter related to a meta-learning learning model based on the RS group-related configuration information, and receiving, by the terminal, a RS from the base station or transmitting a RS to the base station based on the first parameter. The RS group-related configuration information includes pattern information, an identifier and a weight value of at least one of a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PTRS), a channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a synchronization signal block (SSB), a sounding reference signal (SRS), and a meta-learning RS.

Abstract: An example memory device includes a memory cell array, a row hammer management circuit, and a read-modify-write (RMW) driver. The memory cell array includes a plurality of memory cell rows and stores count data for a number of accesses to each memory cell row. The row hammer management circuit performs an RMW operation that reads out count data corresponding to a target memory cell row among the memory cell rows, updates the read-out count data, and writes the updated count data in the memory cell array. The RMW driver generates control signals to control the RMW operation based on a precharge command. The target memory cell row is precharged after a predetermined time is elapsed from a time point where the precharge command is applied.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a first side on which light is incident, and a second side opposite to the first side, a pixel isolation pattern formed inside the substrate which defines a plurality of unit pixels, a first photoelectric conversion region and a second photoelectric conversion region arranged along a first direction, inside each of the unit pixels, and a region isolation pattern which protrudes from the pixel isolation pattern in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and defines an isolation region between the first photoelectric conversion region and the second photoelectric conversion region. A first width of the isolation region in the second direction on the first side is more than about 1.1 times a second width of the isolation region in the second direction on the second side.

Abstract: A multipurpose electric vehicle control system provides an electric vehicle made up of multiple detachably attached modules that can be interchanged to create different operational modes, and a control unit and a software that direct reconfigurations to vehicle subsystems, so as to selectively form different operational modes. The software also manages vehicle-related data. Exemplary reconfigurations to the structural configuration of vehicle subsystems include: performance settings, suspension adjustments, panel management, brake settings, transmission settings, security settings, battery management, power management, and entertainment settings. By making these reconfigurations to vehicle subsystems the electric vehicle selectively operates between a personal transport vehicle mode, a fleet service vehicle mode, and a commercial vehicle mode. The software also manages vehicle-related data, including: vehicle insurance, vehicle maintenance schedule, and vehicle service logs.

Abstract: The present disclosure introduces a cooling medium circulation device wherein a reservoir tank and a water pump are integrated and modularized, and various components, including the water pump, are controlled by a single integrated controller, thereby eliminating the need for an individual control driver for each component and thus resulting in the compactification of the entire module.

Abstract: A body including a dielectric layer and internal electrodes disposed alternately with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween; and external electrodes disposed on the body, wherein the dielectric layer includes a main component containing calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr) and titanium (Ti) and a sub-component containing manganese (Mn), yttrium (Y) and silicon (Si), wherein the dielectric layer includes a plurality of dielectric grains and grain boundaries disposed between adjacent dielectric grains, and at least a portion of the plurality of dielectric grains has a core-shell structure, a content of yttrium (Y) included in a core relative to 100 moles of zirconium (Zr) included in the core and a shell is defined as Yc, a content of yttrium (Y) included in the shell relative to 100 moles of zirconium (Zr) included in the core and the shell is defined as Ys, and Ys/Yc>9 is satisfied.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a battery module, which includes a composite mica insulating pad having a multi-layer structure with improved fire resistance and thermal diffusivity disposed between battery cells, wherein the insulating pad includes a swelling pressure absorption layer, an insulating fire-resistant layer, and a thermal diffusion layer, the swelling pressure absorption layer includes heat-resistant fiber and mica, the insulating fire-resistant layer includes mica, and the thermal diffusion layer includes a carbon-based material.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, a first isolation region defining a unit pixel, a first photoelectric conversion region in the unit pixel, a second photoelectric conversion region in the unit pixel, the second photoelectric conversion region spaced apart from the first photoelectric conversion region, a floating diffusion region, the floating diffusion region adjacent to the first surface of the substrate, a first transfer gate on the first surface of the substrate, the first transfer gate between the first photoelectric conversion region and the floating diffusion region, and a second transfer gate on the first surface of the substrate, the second transfer gate between the second photoelectric conversion region and the floating diffusion region. At least a part of the first transfer gate is buried in the substrate, and a bottom surface of the first transfer gate is different in height from a bottom surface of the second transfer gate.

Abstract: A multipurpose electric vehicle control system provides an electric vehicle made up of multiple detachably attached modules that can be interchanged to create different operational modes, and a control unit and a software that direct reconfigurations to vehicle subsystems, so as to selectively form different operational modes. The software also manages vehicle-related data. Exemplary reconfigurations to the structural configuration of vehicle subsystems include: performance settings, suspension adjustments, panel management, brake settings, transmission settings, security settings, battery management, power management, and entertainment settings. By making these reconfigurations to vehicle subsystems the electric vehicle selectively operates between a personal transport vehicle mode, a fleet service vehicle mode, and a commercial vehicle mode. The software also manages vehicle-related data, including: vehicle insurance, vehicle maintenance schedule, and vehicle service logs.

Abstract: A memory device includes an ECC circuit that performs error correction code (ECC) encoding on input data to generate write data, and a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells that stores the write data. The ECC circuit includes a data splitter that splits the input data into first sub-data and second sub-data, a first ECC encoder that performs ECC encoding on the first sub-data to generate first sub-parity data, a second ECC encoder that performs ECC encoding on the second sub-data to generate second sub-parity data, and a data scrambler that performs a data scrambling operation with respect to the first sub-data, the second sub-data, the first sub-parity data, and the second sub-parity data based on a structure of the memory cell array to generate the write data.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes: a pixel array including a plurality of pixels arranged along rows and columns; and a row driver which drives the plurality of pixels for each of the rows, wherein each of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of sub-pixels, each of the plurality of sub-pixels includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements sharing a floating diffusion area with each other, and a micro lens disposed to overlap the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, a readout area is defined on the pixel array in accordance with a preset readout mode, and the row driver generates a drive signal for reading out signals provided from a photoelectric conversion element included in the readout area from among the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, and provides the drive signal to the pixel array.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system. As an example of the present disclosure, the method may include: receiving information on at least one of a first split point and a second split point from a base station; performing first split inference based on the first split point and generating first intermediate data; transmitting the first intermediate data to the base station; receiving second intermediate data generated based on the second split point from the base station; performing remaining split inference from the second split point based on the second intermediate data; and adjusting the second split point based on the second intermediate data.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including: receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information; learning, by the terminal, a local model based on the federated learning-related configuration information; receiving, by the terminal, a local model weight request message; transmitting a first response message based on the received weight request message; receiving information associated with a total local model based on the first response message; transmitting a second response message based on the received information associated with the total local model; receiving resource allocation-related information based on the second response message; and performing federated learning based on the received resource allocation-related information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information from a base station, configuring, by the terminal, a resource associated with federated learning based on the federated learning-related configuration information, transmitting, by the terminal, a differential privacy level to the base station, receiving, by the terminal, the differential privacy-related information from the base station, generating, by the terminal, a pseudo random sequence based on the differential privacy-related information, and transmitting, by the terminal, data to the base station based on the pseudo random sequence. The differential privacy-related information is based on the differential privacy level. The data is transmitted based on the configured resource.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixels arranged in a first direction and a second direction. Each pixel of the plurality of pixels includes a plurality of photodiodes disposed adjacent to one another in at least one of the first direction and the second direction. The image sensor further includes a control logic configured to generate image data by obtaining pixel signals from the plurality of pixels, and read a pixel voltage corresponding to charges generated by two or more of the plurality of photodiodes included in one of the plurality of pixels, at substantially the same time.

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. The image sensors may include a substrate including first, second, third and fourth regions, a first photoelectric conversion element in the first region, a second photoelectric conversion element in the second region, a third photoelectric conversion element in the third region, a fourth photoelectric conversion element in the fourth region, a first microlens at least partially overlapping both the first and second photoelectric conversion elements, and a second microlens at least partially overlapping both the third and fourth photoelectric conversion elements. The image sensors may also include a floating diffusion region and first, second and third pixel transistors configured to perform different functions from each other. Each of the first, second and third pixel transistors may be disposed in at least one of first, second, third and fourth pixel regions. The first pixel transistor may include multiple first pixel transistors.

Abstract: Image sensors are provided. The image sensors may include a substrate including first, second, third and fourth regions, a first photoelectric conversion element in the first region, a second photoelectric conversion element in the second region, a third photoelectric conversion element in the third region, a fourth photoelectric conversion element in the fourth region, a first microlens at least partially overlapping both the first and second photoelectric conversion elements, and a second microlens at least partially overlapping both the third and fourth photoelectric conversion elements. The image sensors may also include a floating diffusion region and first, second and third pixel transistors configured to perform different functions from each other. Each of the first, second and third pixel transistors may be disposed in at least one of first, second, third and fourth pixel regions. The first pixel transistor may include multiple first pixel transistors.

Abstract: The present disclosure a method of operating user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: identifying layer information that is applied to a neural polar code; generating, based on the identified layer information, transmission data by encoding data that is input into the neural polar code; and transmitting the transmission data to a base station, wherein, based on polar code transformation, the neural polar code generates the transmission data by performing encoding, based on the polar code transformation, from an initial layer of the data to a first layer according to the identified layer information and by performing encoding through a neural network-based autoencoder after the first layer until the transmission data is generated.