Abstract: A transmission apparatus of a single carrier-based wireless communication system is proposed. The transmission apparatus may include a transceiver, a memory configured to store one or more instructions; and a processor configured to execute the one or more instructions stored in the memory. The processor may generate data symbols by modulating traffic data, generate a cyclic prefix (CP) on the basis of the data symbols, and generate a pilot symbol for the data symbol. The transceiver may transmit a single carrier frequency domain equalizer (SC-FDE) frame including the data symbol, the CP, and the pilot symbol. The data symbols may include first data symbols and second data symbols. The pilot symbol may be transmitted after transmission of the first data symbols and before transmission of the second data symbols.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing a highly pure tacrolimus, which comprising a pre-purification process carried out by means of crystallization, and particularly to a process of preparing a highly pure tacrolimus, which comprises a pre-purification process comprising the steps of (a) extracting mycelia cake collected by filtering a tacrolimus-containing oily compound with an organic solvent, (b) concentrating the extract under reduced pressure and (c) crystallizing the concentrate. In addition, a highly pure tacrolimus can be obtained by dissolving the pre-purified crystals in an organic solvent, passing through the solution in an adsorption resin and concentrating the eluate under reduced pressure, followed by crystallization. According to a process of the present invention, Tacrolimus as pure as appropriate for a pharmaceutical purpose can be prepared by a simple process and at a relatively low cost.