Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide an electric power steering apparatus that controls the vehicle regardless of the driver's will to steer, even in the case of a truck or a bus requiring a relatively large steering force compared to a passenger car. Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide an electric power steering apparatus that can increase the convenience of the driver by enabling additional functions such as automatic parking, lane maintenance, driving assistance according to road surface conditions, and autonomous driving control to be used. Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide an electric power steering apparatus in which steering is stably performed even if one motor malfunctions or is damaged.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device. The electronic device includes a processor configured to execute one or more instructions stored in a memory to: control a receiver to receive a speech signal; determine whether the received speech signal includes speech signals of a plurality of different speakers; when the received speech signal includes the speech signals of the plurality of different speakers, detect feature information from a speech signal of each speaker; determine relations between pieces of speech content of the plurality of different speakers, based on the detected feature information; determine a response method based on the determined relations between the pieces of speech content; and control the electronic device such that an operation of the electronic device is performed according to the determined response method.

Abstract: A separator assembly for a fuel cell able to prevent deformation of a separator due to a flow pressure of a reaction gas at a first reaction gas inlet, and a fuel cell stack including the same includes: a first separator on one face of which is formed with a first reactive surface over which first reaction gas flows to allow for first reaction gas and second reaction gas to react and on the other face of which is formed with a first cooling surface where cooling occurs; a second separator on one face of which is formed a second reactive surface positioned to face the first reactive surface of the first separator, over which second reaction gas flows to allow for first reaction gas and second reaction gas to react, and on the other face of which is formed a second cooling surface where cooling occurs;, and a reinforcing plate which is positioned in a region of the first separator where first reaction gas enters, preventing deformation of the first separator.

Abstract: An ultrasonic includes: a piezoelectric layer; an absorbing layer disposed at a lower portion of the piezoelectric layer, configured to absorb an acoustic signal; and a connection part disposed between the piezoelectric layer and the absorbing layer. The connection part may deform at least partially so that a plurality of acoustic signals radiated from the piezoelectric layer due to the connection part have different magnitudes. In the case of the ultrasonic probe, since the magnitude of the acoustic energy radiated from the center of the ultrasonic probe is larger than the magnitude of the acoustic energy radiated from the side of the ultrasonic probe, the directivity of the ultrasonic signal is improved and a side lobe is decreased. In addition, an apodization effect capable of suppressing overlapping between adjacent phases can be obtained by using a difference in the magnitude of the acoustic energy to be radiated.

Abstract: A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

Abstract: There is a method of manufacturing a memory device. The method includes forming a mask layer on an etching target layer; forming, on the mask layer, a compensation layer with a second impurity that chemically bonds to the mask layer with a first impurity; performing a first etching process that patterns the compensation layer and the mask layer to form a mask pattern; and performing a second etching process that etches the etching target layer, which is exposed through openings of the mask pattern.

Abstract: The present embodiments may provide a steer-by-wire steering apparatus which enables a driver to use a function for controlling an automobile, such as automatic parking, lane keeping, driving assistance according to a road surface condition, steering-vibration damping, or autonomous driving control, to improve the driver's convenience, and allows removal of hydraulic pressure-related components to prevent consumption of engine power by the components and thus can satisfy the high power and rigidity required for a steering device of a commercial vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a tumbler capable of controlling a temperature of an accommodated drink. The tumbler includes an inner cup for accommodating a drink, a frame which protects the inner cup, a heat conduction unit of which heat is exchanged with the inner cup through a lower surface and an outer circumferential surface of the inner cup to cool or heat the drink of the inner cup, and a control unit configured to control operation of the heat conduction unit. The thermal efficiency and ease of use of the tumbler are improved due to the configuration of the tumbler.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods for quantifying and analyzing cell migration and drug screening. Such methods include a gel (or a hydrogel) comprising a polymer, and cells that forms an oxygen gradient within the gel by controlling the balance of the diffusion of oxygen through the top of the gel and by the consumption of oxygen uptake by the cells. The migration of the cells is determined while the cells are grown in the gel of the present invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a stretchable display includes a first pixel driving signal generating module to generate a first pixel driving signal including data to be displayed on a stretchable display, a first pixel driving circuit to receive the first pixel driving signal to drive a first pixel, a second pixel driving circuit to drive a second pixel, wherein the driving of the second pixel is determined depending on whether the stretchable display is stretched, and a second pixel driving signal generating module to receive the first pixel driving signal and a power signal and to generate a second pixel driving signal to be applied to the second pixel driving circuit by using one of the first pixel driving signal and the power signal, based on a stretching state signal generated depending on whether the stretchable display is stretched.

Abstract: Disclosed is a driving circuit of a stretchable display capable of being stretched, which includes a driving part that includes a driving transistor connected with a light-emitting element and drives the light-emitting element depending on a signal of a data line, a switching transistor that is connected between the driving part and the data line and includes a gate terminal connected with a first gate line, and a stretch-sensitive sensor that is connected with the switching transistor between the driving part and the data line, and the stretch-sensitive sensor may include a stretch-sensitive material whose resistance characteristic changes depending on a stretching force applied to the stretchable display.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid system of carbon dioxide compact separation membrane and carbon recycling for an urban power plant for effluent carbon dioxide concentration control, including a blower into which an exhaust gas is input and which distributes the exhaust gas, a photo-culture process unit which receives the exhaust gas from the blower, performs a photo-culture process using microalgae, and discharges a first treatment gas, a mixing tank into which the exhaust gas supplied from the blower and the first treatment gas are input, a separation membrane process unit which receives a second treatment gas mixed in the mixing tank, and separates a third enriched gas from the second treatment gas using a plurality of separation membranes, a mineralization reaction unit which mineralizes carbon dioxide using the third enriched gas separated in the separation membrane process unit and discharges a third treatment gas to the mixing tank, a sensor unit which measures a carbon dioxide concentration discharged from each

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention may include applying a positive electrode active material to at least a portion of a positive electrode collector, applying a negative electrode active material to at least a portion of a negative electrode collector, The method may include interposing a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and respectively removing a positive electrode insulating layer and a negative electrode insulating layer from at least partial areas of a positive electrode tab, which is not coated with the positive electrode active material, and an negative electrode tab, which is not coated with the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode collector. The method may include connecting a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for manufacturing an electrode assembly. The method may include a step of applying an electrode active material to at least a portion of an electrode collector, which is formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode foil, an electrode insulating layer, and a second electrode foil, to manufacture an electrode, a step of stacking the electrode and a separator, and a step of connecting an electrode lead to a non-coating portion that is not coated with the electrode active material on the electrode collector. The step of connecting the electrode lead may include passing a coupling part through the electrode collector and the electrode lead to connect the electrode collector to the electrode lead.

Abstract: An image sensor compensates for noise. The image sensor includes a pixel array that includes a common monitor output line, a first monitoring pixel outputting a first monitoring signal, a second monitoring pixel outputting a second monitoring signal, and an active pixel configured to output a sensing signal based on an incident light. The image circuit also includes a binning circuit that receives the first and second monitoring signals through the common monitor output line and generates an average monitoring signal by performing binning on the first and second monitoring signals, and an analog-to-digital converter that detects an alternating current (AC) component of the average monitoring signal and couples the sampled AC component of the average monitoring signal to the sensing signal, thereby compensating for noise.

Abstract: An analog-digital converter includes a count code generator to receive a code generation clock signal from a clock signal generator and to output a count code according to the code generation clock signal, a latch to latch the count code, an operating circuit to generate a count value of the count code and to output a digital signal based on the count value, and a transfer controller to transfer the count code from the latch to the operating circuit. The transfer controller determines whether to transfer the count code according to a logic level of a count enable clock signal generated from the clock signal generator.

Abstract: A clock generating circuit includes a first frequency multiplier configured to generate a second clock signal having a second frequency based on a first clock signal having a first frequency, and a second frequency multiplier configured to generate a third clock signal having a third frequency based on the second clock signal. The first frequency multiplier includes a circuit configured to control a duty cycle of the first clock signal, a delay circuit configured to receive the duty controlled clock signal, and delay the received signal based on a duty cycle of the second clock signal to output a first delay clock signal, and an XOR gate configured to perform an XOR computation using the duty controlled clock signal and the first delay clock signal to output the second clock signal. The second frequency is greater than the first frequency, and the third frequency is greater than the second frequency.

Abstract: A flame retardant insulation module that includes an air layer-forming part including a first air layer-forming part and a second air layer-forming part disposed below the first air layer-forming part, which are disposed so that at least a portion of one does not overlap with a portion of the other; a lower end cover part that covers the lower end of the second air layer-forming part to separate the lower end from an external space; and an intermediate separation part for separating a first air layer and a second air layer. As such, heat insulation performance can be maximized, such that the insulation module has flame retardancy even when a fire occurs.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor memory and an operating method thereof. The semiconductor memory includes: a plurality of memory blocks each including a plurality of select transistors and a plurality of memory cells; a peripheral circuit for performing a general operation including a program operation, a read operation, and an erase operation on the plurality of memory blocks; and a control logic for controlling the peripheral circuit to operate in a heating mode in which the peripheral circuit applies heat to the plurality of memory blocks.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP475 strain having acid-resistance, bile-resistance and an immune-enhancing activity, and a composition including the same.