Abstract: Polychlorinated polyphenyl materials are reacted with sulfur in the presence of an effective amount of a sulfur chloride compound to result in a product having a lowered residue of chlorinated polyphenyl as compared to a reaction practiced without the use of the compound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the conversion of a carboxylic acid group on the ring of an aromatic or N-heteroaromatic compound to a trichloromethyl group which comprises contacting the aromatic or N-heteroaromatic compound with a phenylphosphonous dichloride, phosphorus trichloride and chlorine.

Abstract: Lubricating sealants which are resistant to aprotic solvents such as chloroform and carbon disulfide are prepared by forming a grease comprising glycerine, fumed silica, polyethylene glycol and a minor amount of water.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of insoluble sulfur product comprises the steps of vaporizing sulfur, mixing the vaporized sulfur with from about 1.times.10.sup.-6 % to about 5% hydrogen sulfide, in the essential absence of hydrocarbon oil, quenching the vaporized sulfur in a quenching medium and separating the insoluble sulfur product from the quenching medium.

Abstract: Novel phosphoramides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is 3 to 8;R.sub.1 is a mono- or di-alkylamine or alkenyl having a total of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each, independently, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; andX is oxygen or sulfur.The compounds, when combined with a lubricating oil (such as a mineral oil fraction or synthetic ester oil) or grease of appropriate lubricating viscosity are effective in improving the wear or extreme pressure lubricating characteristics of such oils or greases. Lubricating compositions containing such phosphoramides and methods for improving the wear or extreme pressure lubricating characteristics of oils or greases using such phosphoramides are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mono-halothiophenol, e.g. para-chlorothiophenol, and thiophenol. The process comprises reacting a reactant mixture of benzene and dihalobenzene, e.g. para-dichlorobenzene, with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of an absorptive catalyst, such as activated carbon, calcined petroleum coke, etc.

Abstract: Thiophenols are produced by reacting the corresponding benzene compound with hydrogen sulfide in contact with an absorptive catalyst, such as activated carbon, calcined petroleum coke, etc. Temperatures in the range of from about 500.degree. to 900.degree. C. are employed.

Abstract: Phenyl phosphonous dihalide is oxidized according to the following reaction: ##STR1## wherein X is Cl or Br. The reaction is conducted at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. Charcoal is added to the reaction mixture when impure phenyl phosphonous dihalide is used as a starting material. The product has high purity and is stable at high temperatures. It can be used as an intermediate to prepare flame retardants, insecticides, pesticides and plasticisers.

Abstract: Polyalkylene glycol alkyl or haloalkyl polyphosphonates having the idealized formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a polyalkylene glycol residue, R' is alkyl or haloalkyl and n is 1-100, are prepared by transesterifying a tertiary phosphite with a polyalkylene glycol and rearranging the resultant polyalkylene glycol alkyl or haloalkyl polyphosphite to a polyalkylene glycol alkyl or haloalkyl phosphonate by the action of heat and an Arbuzov rearrangement catalyst.

Abstract: Mixed polyalkylene glycol polyphosphorus compounds containing both phosphite and vinyl phosphate linkages are prepared by reacting certain polyalkylene glycol polyphosphites with less than a stoichiometric amount of a halogenated carbonyl compound.

Abstract: The neutralization of products which are phosphorus containing oligomers having ##STR1## linkages between phosphorus atoms and which are obtained by the self-condensation of .beta.-halo-alkyl esters of pentavalent phosphorus acids or by the condensation of these esters with an alkyl ester of a pentavalent phosphorus acid is accomplished by reaction with an alkylene oxide, either alone or in combination with water or an alcohol having the formula ROH where R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group, and is enhanced by heating the products with a Lewis acid to promote alcoholysis reactions between labile groups contained therein and structures formed by alkylene oxide neutralization of free acid groups. The stabilized product formed by this process gives a better cure when incorporated in a polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Polyalkylene glycol vinyl phosphates having the formula: ##EQU1## WHERE R is a polyalkylene glycol residue, n is an integer from 1 to about 100, R' is either hydrogen, alkyl or haloalkyl, and Z and Y are each either halogen, hydrogen or alkyl are produced by transesterifying a tertiary phosphite with a polyalkylene glycol and reacting the product thereof with a carbonyl compound.

Abstract: Polyalkylene glycol alkyl or haloalkyl polyphosphonates having the idealized formula: ##EQU1## WHEREIN R is a polyalkylene glycol residue, R' is alkyl or haloalkyl and n is 1-100, are prepared by transesterifying a tertiary phosphite with a polyalkylene glycol and rearranging the resultant polyalkylene glycol alkyl or haloalkyl polyphosphite to a polyalkylene glycol alkyl or haloalkyl phosphonate by the action of heat and an Arbuzov rearrangement catalyst.

Abstract: Stabilized products which are phosphorus containing oligomers having ##EQU1## linkages between phosphorus atoms and which are obtained by the self-condensation of .beta.-haloalkyl esters of pentavalent phosphorus acids or the condensation products of these esters with an alkyl ester of a pentavalent phosphorus acid are formed by terminating the condensation reaction when it is about 35-75% complete, said condensation being performed in the absence of a nucleophilic initiator, such as a sodium salt initiator. The lower degree of condensation in the product and the absence of the nucleophilic initiator during the condensation reaction, is responsible for the lesser degree of scorching in a polyurethane foam containing the product as compared to one which is formed by allowing the condensation reaction go to completion or by use of a nucleophilic initiator during the condensation.

Abstract: Products which are phosphorus containing oligomers having ##EQU1## linkages between phosphorus atoms and which are obtained by the self-condensation of .beta.-haloalkyl esters of pentavalent phosphorus acids or by the condensation of these esters with an alkyl ester of a pentavalent phosphorus acid are extracted with an inert organic solvent. The soluble portion of said products after recovery from the solvent can be incorporated in a polyurethane foam formulation to give a foam which will have less scorching than a foam containing the original condensation product that has not been extracted.

Abstract: Products which are phosphorus containing oligomers having ##EQU1## linkages between phosphorus atoms and which are obtained by the self-condensation of .beta.-haloalkyl esters of pentavalent phosphorus acids or by condensation of these esters with an alkyl ester of a pentavalent phosphorus acid are treated after residual acidity has been neutralized with an alkylene oxide for a period of time which is sufficient to enable the alkylene oxide to act upon labile groups contained in the condensed product, i.e., cyclic, pyro and bridged groups, and to neutralize any further acidity generated by the opening of such groups. The stabilized products formed by this process when incorporated in a polyurethane foam formulation produce a foam having superior green strength to a foam containing such products which have not been treated in accordance with this invention.

Abstract: Products which are phosphorus containing oligomers having ##EQU1## linkages between phosphorus atoms and which are obtained by the self-condensation of .beta.-haloalkyl esters of pentavalent phosphorus acids or the condensation of these esters with alkyl esters of a pentavalent phosphorus acid are treated after residual acidity has been neutralized, e.g., with an alkylene oxide, with water and then with an alkylene oxide for a period of time which is sufficient to enable the water to open labile groups contained in the product and the alkylene oxide to neutralize any further acidity generated by the opening of such groups. The stabilized product formed by this process when incorporated to a polyurethane foam gives a foam having superior green strength to a polyurethane foam which is not treated in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: Polyalkylene glycol vinyl phosphates having the formula: ##EQU1## ARE PROVIDED WHEREIN R is a polyalkylene glycol residue, m and n are integers from about 1 to about 100, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, and lower haloalkyl, provided that if R' is lower haloalkyl, it is not monohalo-substituted on its alpha carbon atom, and Z and Y are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl and lower haloalkyl. They are formed by reacting the transesterification product of a tertiary phosphite and a polyalkylene glycol with a carbonyl compound having halogen monosubstitution on one of its alpha carbon atoms. These compositions can be used to flame retard a number of normally flamable substrates.

Abstract: Polyalkylene glycol vinylphosphates having the formula: ##EQU1## ARE PROVIDED WHEREIN R is a polyalkylene glycol residue, n is an integer from 1 to about 100, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and haloalkyl and Z and Y are each selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrogen and alkyl, provided Z and Y are not both hydrogen or alkyl. Also provided are flame retardant polymeric compositions containing said phosphates alone or in combination with other reactive or non-reactive flame retardants.