Abstract: Disclosed is a monitoring probe for observing groundwater, which is put into an observation well for observing the groundwater to indicate a position of a fresh water-salt water interface of the groundwater. According to the present invention, both ends of a probe body are separated from an inner circumference of an observation well by a catch preventing portion having a convex curved portion or a dumbbell-shaped portion, so that the probe body can be smoothly moved up and down without being caught by a ground-water inlet port of the observation well, thus providing an exact position of a fresh water-salt water interface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a monitoring probe for observing groundwater, which is put into an observation well for observing the groundwater to indicate a position of a fresh water-salt water interface of the groundwater. According to the present invention, both ends of a probe body are separated from an inner circumference of an observation well by a catch preventing portion having a convex curved portion or a dumbbell-shaped portion, so that the probe body can be smoothly moved up and down without being caught by a ground-water inlet port of the observation well, thus providing an exact position of a fresh water-salt water interface.

Abstract: A method of measuring a pumping amount of groundwater by using water level fluctuation, a water level measuring sensor including an arithmetic operation unit for calculating a pumping amount by using the method, and a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining groundwater level data according to a measurement time by measuring fluctuation of a groundwater level for a predetermined period continually at time intervals; comparing groundwater level formed in a full pumping period including an initial stage a quasi-balance period, and a recovery period calculates a total time when pumping has been performed, by using a measurement time of the sorted data; and calculates a total pumping amount by using the total pumping time calculated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic seepage meter for measuring groundwater-surface water exchange in a mixed zone of stream. The present invention includes: the chamber installed in streambed sediment; the device for measuring amount of groundwater recharge through a change in water level accompanied by discharging water in the water in case of losing stream; and the device for measuring amount of groundwater discharge through a change in water level according to an increased water from the chamber to the water bath for measuring discharge in case of gaining stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for tracking the position of a freshwater-saltwater interface of underground water in the coastal area. The device includes a buoyancy adjustment unit which comprises a pipe that has an internal space and is closed on a lower end thereof, a sealing cap which is removably coupled to an upper end of the buoyancy adjustment unit, a variable metal member which is attached to the sealing cap, a cordless measurement sensor which is provided under the lower end of the buoyancy adjustment unit, and a perforated pipe which is coupled to the lower end of the buoyancy adjustment unit and covers the cordless measurement sensor. Distilled water is supplied into the buoyancy adjustment unit, and a buoyancy of the buoyancy adjustment unit is adjusted depending on the amount of distilled water.

Abstract: Provided is a radon reduction apparatus for groundwater disinfection. The radon reduction apparatus includes an agitation space forming body that groundwater fed through a groundwater feed pipe passes through before inflow into the groundwater storage tank and that forms a water turbine installation space whose top portion is not filled with groundwater; a water turbine located in the water turbine installation space to be rotated by groundwater when the fed groundwater falls, is run against the bottom and scattered; an oxygen supply unit supplying oxygen to groundwater before inflow of the groundwater to the agitation space forming body; a ventilating fan rotated by receiving rotary power of the water turbine and connected to the water turbine installation space to discharge air of the water turbine installation space; and an antiseptic solution supply unit supplying antiseptic solution to be mixed with the groundwater.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and method for groundwater sampling, using a hydraulic coupler according to the present invention. In more particular, in the groundwater sampler which is positioned at multiple depths within a groundwater borehole to simultaneously take groundwater samples at the multiple depths, couplers are each connected to both ends of a water sampling pipe made of a metal pipe material. In case of positioning the sampler at a targeted depth, a socket and a plug forming each coupler are connected to each other, so that the both ends of the water sampling pipe—to lead groundwater to freely flow in/out. Thereafter, at the targeted depth, the sockets or plugs are permitted to be separated in the couplers at the both ends of the water sampling pipe by using a lift device, so that the both ends of the water sampling pipe are sealed to simultaneously taking groundwater samples at multiple depths.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic seepage meter for measuring groundwater-surface water exchange in a mixed zone of stream. The present invention includes: the chamber installed in streambed sediment; the device for measuring amount of groundwater recharge through a change in water level accompanied by discharging water in the water in case of losing stream; and the device for measuring amount of groundwater discharge through a change in water level according to an increased water from the chamber to the water bath for measuring discharge in case of gaining stream.

Abstract: A method of measuring a pumping amount of groundwater by using water level fluctuation, a water level measuring sensor including an arithmetic operation unit for calculating a pumping amount by using the method, and a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method are disclosed.

Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and method for groundwater sampling, using a hydraulic coupler according to the present invention. In more particular, in the groundwater sampler which is positioned at multiple depths within a groundwater borehole to simultaneously take groundwater samples at the multiple depths, couplers are each connected to both ends of a water sampling pipe made of a metal pipe material. In case of positioning the sampler at a targeted depth, a socket and a plug forming each coupler are connected to each other, so that the both ends of the water sampling pipe-to lead groundwater to freely flow in/out. Thereafter, at the targeted depth, the sockets or plugs are permitted to be separated in the couplers at the both ends of the water sampling pipe by using a lift device, so that the both ends of the water sampling pipe are sealed to simultaneously taking groundwater samples at multiple depths.

Abstract: A groundwater radon reduction apparatus is provided. The groundwater radon reduction apparatus includes: a housing in which groundwater falls down; a rotating member installed in the housing and rotated by a falling force of the groundwater to form the groundwater into water drops; a plurality of power transmission members connected to both ends of the rotating member to transmit power, and receiving the rotating force of the rotating member; and a plurality of ventilation units coupled to one ends of the power transmission members inside the housing, respectively, and rotated together with the power transmission members by the rotation force of the rotating member to discharge radon gases within the water drops to the outside.

Abstract: Provided is a radon reduction apparatus for groundwater having a disinfection means. The radon reduction apparatus includes an agitation space forming body that groundwater fed through a groundwater feed pipe passes through before inflow into the groundwater storage tank and that forms a water turbine installation space whose top portion is not filled with groundwater; a water turbine located in the water turbine installation space to be rotated by groundwater when the fed groundwater falls, is run against the bottom and scattered; an oxygen supply means supplying oxygen to groundwater before inflow of the groundwater to the agitation space forming body; a ventilating fan that is rotated by receiving rotary power of the water turbine and that is connected to the water turbine installation space to discharge air of the water turbine installation space; and an antiseptic solution supply means supplying antiseptic solution to be mixed with the groundwater.

Abstract: A groundwater radon reduction apparatus is provided. The groundwater radon reduction apparatus includes: a housing in which groundwater falls down; a rotating member installed in the housing and rotated by a falling force of the groundwater to form the groundwater into water drops; a plurality of power transmission members connected to both ends of the rotating member to transmit power, and receiving the rotating force of the rotating member; and a plurality of ventilation units coupled to one ends of the power transmission members inside the housing, respectively, and rotated together with the power transmission members by the rotation force of the rotating member to discharge radon gases within the water drops to the outside.

Abstract: Provided according to some embodiments of the present invention are methods of forming an impurity region in a semiconductor device. Such methods may include forming a pad oxide layer on a substrate; providing impurities to the substrate to form a preliminary impurity region in the substrate; performing a heat treatment process on the substrate while providing oxygen gas and an inert gas to the substrate; and removing the pad oxide layer. Methods according to embodiments of the invention may reduce pitting of the silicon substrate upon removal of the pad oxide layer.

Abstract: Provided is an oxidation process apparatus including a process chamber, a wafer boat loading a plurality of wafers in the process chamber, the wafers are stacked in a plurality of bands, a first gas supply unit supplying a first gas into the process chamber, and a second gas supply unit to supply a second gas to each of the plurality of wafer bands.