Abstract: Disclosed is an agent for preventing and treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy including a granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as an active ingredient, which is able to improve nerve conduction velocity and pain sensitivity by regenerating blood vessels in peripheral tissues and rehabilitating damaged nerve tissues.

Abstract: Provided is an intra-body communication system which enables high-speed data transmission while limiting the frequency band of a signal being transmitted through a human body to a frequency range (e.g., 30-40 MHz) where the human body can maintain waveguide properties and enables stable intra-body communication by minimizing interference by other users or other electronic devices. A transceiver of the intra-body communication system for high-speed data transmission includes: a source encoder for encoding source information to digital transmission data; a channel error prevention unit for inserting a redundant bit to the encoded transmission data; a mapper for symbolizing the transmission data outputted from the channel error prevention unit; a spreader for performing spread spectrum on the symbolized transmission data in a frequency domain; and a pulse shaping and modulator for generating a baseband signal with a band range limited to a frequency range where the human body retains waveguide properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile station, a base station, and a method for an uplink service that provides a high-speed data service between the base station and the mobile station in a wireless communication system. A method for providing an uplink service in a mobile station includes, after TCP data are received from a base station, measuring a partial round trip time which is a time until ACK which is a response to the received TCP data is inputted into an uplink transmission MAC buffer, transmitting information on the measured partial round trip time to the base station, receiving resource allocation information—unicast resource allocation information for transmitting the ACK to the base station in the mobile station—from the base station, and transmitting the ACK of the TCP data received from the base station on the basis of the resource allocation information to the base station.

Abstract: There is provided a fingerprint authentication method in human body communication capable of transmitting/receiving data through the fingerprint authentication. The fingerprint authentication method in human body communications is capable of classifying data about two users, which carry about a human body communication equipment, into disclosure information, protection and security information according to a predetermined security level and allowing the two users to communicate the data through contact with the human skin in the human body communication environment using a human body as a communication medium, wherein the protection and security information each having a high protection level are transmitted/received after exchanging fingerprint information and conducting the fingerprint authentication.

Abstract: Methods of forming a gate structure for an integrated circuit memory device include forming a first dielectric layer having a dielectric constant of under 7 on an integrated circuit substrate. Ions of a selected element from group 4 of the periodic table and having a thermal diffusivity of less than about 0.5 centimeters per second (cm2/s) are injected into the first dielectric layer to form a charge storing region in the first dielectric layer with a tunnel dielectric layer under the charge storing region. A metal oxide second dielectric layer is formed on the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer. The substrate including the first and second dielectric layers is thermally treated to form a plurality of discrete charge storing nano crystals in the charge storing region and a gate electrode layer is formed on the second dielectric layer. Gate structures for integrated circuit devices and memory cells are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a V-BLAST system for a MIMO communication system. In the V-BLAST system for a MIMO communication system, a pseudo inverse matrix calculator receives a channel transfer function matrix including channel information and produces a cofactor matrix and a determinant for a pseudo inverse matrix. A norm & minimum calculator calculates a minimum index for the cofactor matrix outputted from the pseudo inverse matrix calculator, a weight vector selector selects a row vector having the minimum index and calculates a transposed matrix for the row vector; an adder adds the transposed matrix to a received input symbol, and a subtractor subtracts the determinant to the output. A demapper performs a determined function operation to the output and produces estimated information.

Abstract: Methods of forming a gate structure for an integrated circuit memory device include forming a first dielectric layer having a dielectric constant of under 7 on an integrated circuit substrate. Ions of a selected element from group 4 of the periodic table and having a thermal diffusivity of less than about 0.5 centimeters per second (cm2/s) are injected into the first dielectric layer to form a charge storing region in the first dielectric layer with a tunnel dielectric layer under the charge storing region. A metal oxide second dielectric layer is formed on the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer. The substrate including the first and second dielectric layers is thermally treated to form a plurality of discrete charge storing nano crystals in the charge storing region and a gate electrode layer is formed on the second dielectric layer. Gate structures for integrated circuit devices and memory cells are also provided.

Abstract: A hybrid trace back apparatus and a high-speed Viterbi decoding system having the same are disclosed. The hybrid trace back apparatus includes: a register exchanging unit for receiving survivor values of each states from a path metric calculator, and obtaining a block survival value through a register exchange operation as much as a bit length for a block trace back operation; a first storing unit for the register exchange operation; a second storing unit for storing the block survival value obtained through the register exchange operation until the block survival value is written in a block trace back memory; and a block trace back unit for outputting decoded data by performing a block trace back operation while writing a value of the second storing unit.

Abstract: Provided are a flexible bit rate code vector generation method and a wideband vocoder employing the same. This invention implements a flexible bit rate by getting three code vectors which are composed of 24, 16, and 8 pulses, at a time in a search process, through improvement of an algebraic codebook search process in a wideband AMR-WB vocoder. The method includes the steps of: performing a preprocess, wherein the preprocess divides a sub-frame by tracks and decides a pulse position having a maximum value in each track; among a plurality of pulses to be searched, fixing a same number of pulses as the tracks to the position with the maximum value of each track sequentially, and searching optimal positions having a minimum error with a target signal by combining two pulses in two consecutive tracks for the remaining pulses; and creating a code vector with flexible bit rate.

Abstract: A method of forming an amorphous carbon layer using a cross type hydrocarbon compound as a precursor and a method of forming a low-k dielectric layer using the same are disclosed. The present invention includes a step (a) of vaporizing a precursor containing a cross type hydrocarbon compound, a step (b) of supplying the vaporized precursor and a additive gas into a reaction chamber via a shower head, wherein the precursor and the additive gas are changed into plasma state, and a step (c) of depositing the amorphous carbon layer for the hard mask or the low-k dielectric in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for performing both FHT (Fast Hadamard Transform) and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). This apparatus determines the phase coefficients as constantly “1” when performing the FHT, and changes the input order of input data to a reverse order of bits when performing the FFT. In addition, the apparatus, which can process a plurality of input data sets simultaneously, classifies the received signals into multi-path signals and multi-antenna signals, thus processing the multi-path signals separately from the multi-antenna signals, or directly processes multi-antenna signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a scheduling apparatus and a method thereof in an HPi system. A scheduling algorithm is applied appropriate to a characteristic of each multimedia service (e.g., real-time service, non real-time service, best-effort service, etc.) and a transmission order of the IP packets transmitted from a network is determined such that a transmit wait queue is generated. Radio resource allocation is performed in accordance with the order of the data items queued in the transmit wait queue, the size of transmittable data is determined such that a PDU is generated. In addition, frame data formed of bursts of PDUs is generated and transmitted to a physical layer. Therefore, a scheduling algorithm can be applied appropriate to characteristics of each multimedia service. In addition, packet scheduling is performed in two steps in order to schedule traffic corresponding to radio frames such that packets can be efficiently processed.

Abstract: A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) apparatus for selectively performing Fast Hadamard transform (FHT), and a complementary code keying (CCK) modulation/demodulation apparatus using the same. An OFDM module and CCK module are integrated as one module having lower complexity compared to conventional scheme by embodying the CCK modulation using FFT structure in the OFDM module, and embodying the suboptimal and the optimized CCK modulations using FFT structure in OFDM module. CDMA, OFDM, CCK modules may be integrated as single module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a packet access router and a ranging method using the same in a mobile communication system. In the mobile communication system to which the packet access router is introduced, a better initial access process and a periodic ranging process are performed so as to accurately transmit data to the access point irrespective of the condition of whether an access terminal is provided in the packet access router region or not. When a ranging code is received, it is accurately determined whether the ranging code is directly received from the access terminal or it is received through the packet access router, and a method for performing a ranging control on the access terminal and a packet access router when the ranging code is transmitted to the access point through the packet access router. Therefore, the coverage of the access point is increased and the data throughput is improved.

Abstract: A look-ahead bandwidth requesting method and a mobile terminal using the look-ahead bandwidth requesting method in a mobile communication system are provided. The mobile terminal receives a downlink packet from a base station and transmits the downlink packet to a terminal equipment system. If the downlink packet received from the base station is a TCP packet, the mobile terminal transmits the TCP packet to the terminal equipment system and, at the same time, performs a bandwidth requesting procedure for being allocated a wireless resource through which a TCP ACK packet is to be transmitted to the base station. The bandwidth request is performed by using a random access procedure. The mobile terminal transmits the TCP ACK packet received from the terminal equipment system through the wireless resource that is allocated in advance by using the random access procedure to the base station.

Abstract: A method of requesting resources, a method of allocating resources, and an apparatus therefor by using bandwidth request ranging in a mobile communication system are provided. The method of allocating uplink resources to a subscriber station by using bandwidth request ranging in a mobile communication system includes: transmitting an uplink channel descriptor (UCD) including code group information to the subscriber station, wherein the code group information is obtained by dividing a bandwidth request code into a plurality of groups and mapping the groups to predetermined data block sizes; receiving a bandwidth request code selected in the subscriber station; determining a code group including the selected bandwidth request code; and allocating a bandwidth through which a data block size corresponding to the determined code group can be transmitted, to the subscriber station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an uplink framing method and apparatus in a mobile communication system. After a mobile terminal and a base station are connected to each other in a wireless manner, the base station allocates an uplink radio resource to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the mobile terminal, and then scheduling is performed for each connection in a buffer. Next, a packet data unit (PDU) is generated to satisfy the uplink time constraint and then transmitted to the base station. Therefore, hardware implementation complexity can be minimized in a mobile communication system that should support fast data transmission, and at the same time, a required uplink framing time can be minimized in a system that supports a short frame period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method of controlling power of a terminal in a mobile communication system. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a code division multiple access (CDMA) code is transmitted to a base station to perform an initial ranging process. Then, when a response signal to the transmitted CDMA code is not received from the base station, the initial ranging process is attempted again a predetermined number of times that is set beforehand. When the initial ranging process that is performed the predetermined number of times fails, a status of the terminal is switched to a sleep mode in which the terminal is completely turned off. Then, when the sleep mode ends, only a predetermined functional unit of the terminal that can measure the propagation environment between the terminal and the base station is turned on to measure the propagation environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Internet protocol (IP) management connection control method in a mobile communication system. In the method, a first traffic connection between an access point and a packet access router is established, uplink and downlink second traffic connections between the access point and an access terminal are established, and an IP management message is transmitted through the first traffic connection and the second traffic connection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile communication system, and more particularly, to a repeater and a ranging method using the repeater. In the mobile communication system including the repeater, a ranging operation is performed so that data are transmitted to a base station regardless of whether a mobile terminal is within a repeater area. Accordingly, it is determined whether a ranging code received through a ranging flag is directly received from the mobile terminal or if it is received through the repeater. When the ranging code is transmitted to the base station through the repeater, the ranging operation of the mobile terminal is performed.