Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus and a vehicle control system including the same are provided. The vehicle control apparatus includes an electronic control unit and a gateway. The electronic control unit is configured to store software identification management information associated with the electronic control unit. The gateway is configured to store a master list of the software identification management information, which includes the software identification management information received from the electronic control unit, deliver update information related to software associated with vehicle type approval (VTA) to the electronic control unit corresponding to the update information, as the update information is received, and update the software identification management information associated with the electronic control unit in the master list as an update of the software of the electronic control unit is completed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a thin film transistor positioned on a lower substrate; a plurality of color filters positioned on the thin film transistor and aligned to be spaced apart from each other; an insulation layer positioned on the plurality of color filters; a light-blocking layer positioned on the insulation layer; a transparent layer positioned on the light-blocking layer and having a convex shape; an upper substrate facing the lower substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, wherein the light-blocking layer includes an organic black pigment, and the transparent layer having the convex shape has a different shape from the light-blocking layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a thin film transistor positioned on a lower substrate; a plurality of color filters positioned on the thin film transistor and aligned to be spaced apart from each other; an insulation layer positioned on the plurality of color filters; a light-blocking layer positioned on the insulation layer; a transparent layer positioned on the light-blocking layer and having a convex shape; an upper substrate facing the lower substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, wherein the light-blocking layer includes an organic black pigment, and the transparent layer having the convex shape has a different shape from the light-blocking layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a thermally curing initiator having a half-life of about one hour at a temperature ranging from about 100 to about 150° C.; (B) a photopolymerization initiator; (C) a binder resin; (D) a photopolymerizable compound; (E) a colorant; and (F) a solvent, and a black spacer using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a black column spacer that includes preparing a substrate; forming a first organic layer on the substrate; forming a second organic layer on the first organic layer; performing exposure on the substrate on which the first organic layer and the second organic layer are formed using a half-tone mask; and developing the substrate and curing the resultant product, a black column spacer manufactured using the manufacturing method, and a color filter including the black column spacer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a black column spacer that includes preparing a substrate; forming a first organic layer on the substrate; forming a second organic layer on the first organic layer; performing exposure on the substrate on which the first organic layer and the second organic layer are formed using a half-tone mask; and developing the substrate and curing the resultant product, a black column spacer manufactured using the manufacturing method, and a color filter including the black column spacer.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for a light blocking layer includes (A) a colorant including a blue material including a dye represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and a red material, (B) a binder resin, (C) a photopolymerizable monomer, (D) a photopolymerization initiator, and (E) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the same. In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition includes (A) a colorant including an organic black pigment or an organic mixed pigment capable of showing black; (B) a binder resin; (C) a photopolymerizable compound; (D) a photopolymerization initiator; (E) an inorganic filler; and (F) a solvent. The composition has an O.D. of greater than or equal to about 2.0 after being coated on a substrate to a thickness of about 4 ?m and being cured, and a transmittance of greater than or equal to about 12% in a 950 nm wavelength region. A black spacer includes the photosensitive resin composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic solution for surface-treating an indium zinc oxide (IZO) substrate that is used for surface treatment of an indium zinc oxide (IZO) substrate, and includes an organic material, and a method of preparing a display substrate using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a binder resin including a cardo-based resin including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, (B) a photopolymerizable monomer, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) a colorant and (E) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the same. In the above Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for a light blocking layer includes (A) a colorant including a blue material including a dye represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and a red material, (B) a binder resin, (C) a photopolymerizable monomer, (D) a photopolymerization initiator, and (E) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the same. In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a binder resin including a cardo-based resin including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, (B) a photopolymerizable monomer, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) a colorant and (E) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the same. In the above Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a thermally curing initiator having a half-life of about one hour at a temperature ranging from about 100 to about 150° C.; (B) a photopolymerization initiator; (C) a binder resin; (D) a photopolymerizable compound; (E) a colorant; and (F) a solvent, and a black spacer using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a photopolymerizable monomer including a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formula 1 are the same as defined in the specification, (B) a binder resin, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) a pigment and (E) a solvent, and a color filter using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition including (A) a photopolymerizable monomer including a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formula 1 are the same as defined in the specification, (B) a binder resin, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) a pigment and (E) a solvent, and a color filter using the same.