Abstract: Certain embodiments make use of an array of passive primary concentrators positioned on the ground that provide primary concentrated solar radiation from below to an array of tracking secondary concentrators. The secondary concentrators further concentrate the solar radiation to one or more centralized receivers. The solar concentrator system may include apparatus for collection of solar radiation, concentration, and the absorbance of the concentrated solar energy. Some embodiments of the solar concentrator system include a large field of passive horizontal primary concentrators, overhead tracking secondary concentrators, and one or more receivers, which convert solar radiation into usable products or energy, such as electricity.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are directed to an FPGA that includes a three-dimensional architecture having a component coupled to at least five components across two or more strata. In one embodiment, a FPGA includes a three dimensional switch that can be coupled to at least the five switches, wherein switches are located on first and second stratum. In another embodiment, slice instances are placed in inter-stratum and intra-stratum stages.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for tagging bulk agricultural products for identity preservation are provided. The tagging agents are typically dissolved and/or dispersed in a carrier and applied to a bulk agricultural product in an amount sufficient to allow detection from a randomly drawn sample of the bulk agricultural product. The presence or absence of the tagging agent in a sample of a bulk agricultural product can be detected using a wide variety of analytical methods. The tagging agent may be detected directly while still on surfaces of bulk agricultural product or may be detected indirectly by analyzing a sample of vapor in contact with the bulk agricultural product or a solution generated by washing a sample of the bulk agricultural product with a solvent.