Abstract: Leachate remediation is performed by synergistic chemical oxidation and photocatalytic-oxidation enhancer system (SCOPES) of municipal landfill leachate to a level that is safe for disposal within regulatory guidelines. The physico-chemical (chemical, spectroscopic, elemental, microstructural and thermal) characteristics of the pre- and post-treated landfill leachate have been investigated to examine the utility of advanced oxidation (AO) processes such as SCOPES to decontaminate the municipal landfill leachate and/or toxic organic wastewater. The experimental results demonstrated successful lowering of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and UV-Vis absorbance for constituent contaminants in the leachate and/or wastewater solutions.

Abstract: Leachate remediation is performed by synergistic chemical oxidation and photocatalytic-oxidation enhancer system (SCOPES) of municipal landfill leachate to a level that is safe for disposal within regulatory guidelines. The physico-chemical (chemical, spectroscopic. elemental, microstructural and thermal) characteristics of the pre- and post-treated landfill leachate have been investigated to examine the utility of advanced oxidation (AO) processes such as SCOPES to decontaminate the municipal landfill leachate and/or toxic organic wastewater. The experimental results demonstrated successful lowering of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and UV-Vis absorbance for constituent contaminants in the leachate and/or wastewater solutions.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a method of processing detonation nanodiamonds to fractionate the detonation nanodiamonds involves, in order forming a combination of detonation nanodiamonds and a solvent, said solvent containing at least approximately 10% DMSO (v/v), applying a dispersive technique to said combination, subjecting said combination to a procedure that causes nanodiamond particles of a first size range to be substantially spatially separated from nanodiamonds of a second size range, and collecting said nanodiamonds of said first size range essentially free of said second size range. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: A system provides for automated control of solvent evaporation, such as may be done for solvent exchange in a solvent that contains analytes or extractants. The automated control is able to ascertain and take appropriate action when a solvent is boiling, when the extractants are free or dry of the solvent, and when there is thermal cycling of the solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multilayer, gas-permeable structure. The structure includes a polymeric outer film and a polymeric inner film. The two films are permanently adhered to one another in face-to-face orientation. One of the two films, either the outer film or the inner film, but not both, includes a plurality of perforations passing through it. The perforations in the perforated film define a void volume and the void volume large enough so that the gas-permeability of the perforated film has a zero or an insignificant contribution to the gas permeability of the structure as a whole. The structures are useful for packaging fresh-cut produce and other foods.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed comprising a carbohydrate-based material a dispersed in carbon dioxide. A general method for synthesizing inexpensive, renewable, non-toxic, non-fluorous, carbohydrate based CO2-philes is disclosed. These CO2-philes are soluble in carbon dioxide. Methods of making the composition are also disclosed. The methods and composition are useful in a variety of applications and can utilize gaseous, liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide. The methods and compositions are useful in the synthesis of surfactants and metal chelates for CO2, as a sizing substrate, in CO2-based coating processes, for impregnation and plasticizing cellulosic and non-cellulosic materials, in pharmaceutical applications, such as crystallization, dispersion and encapsulation of bioactive molecules in solid systems, in the densification of CO2, in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers in CO2, and for carbon dioxide removal, to name just a few.

Abstract: A package for protecting fragile food items against damage in commerce. The package includes a tray being formed with a cutout defining a saddle and a return bend portion defining a slot having a retaining wall and a plurality of nested, generally U-shaped pastry units associated with the tray saddle and slot. The tray and pastry units being enclosed within an outer plastic film.