Abstract: A multiple emulsion of aqueous oxygen carrying material in oil in outer aqueous phase is suitable for provision of oxygen for oxygen transfer processes. A hemoglobin multiple emulsion in physiologically compatible oil in an outer aqueous saline solution is provided in sufficiently small droplet size to provide oxygen flow through blood vessels to desired body tissues or organs thereby providing a blood substitute. A process is provided wherein hemoglobin, a fragile material, is formulated into high hemoglobin content water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsions while maintaining high yields and high oxygen exchange activity.