Abstract: A process of tissue regeneration is provided that includes the administration of a stem cell topically to a surface of a tissue. The tissue being in vivo in a subject or in vitro. The tissue has a biocompatible matrix applied around the stem cell and in contact with the surface. After sufficient time, the stem cell infiltrates and regenerates the tissue. A composition is also provided that includes an injured or diseased tissue with a plurality of stem cells proximal to the tissue surface in a biocompatible. A process of increasing a level of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-apoptotic or anti-necrotic factors in a tissue is provided that includes the administration of a stem cell topically to a surface of a tissue in a biocompatible matrix. After sufficient time, the stem cell releases soluble pro-regenerative factors to increase the levels in the tissue.