Abstract: A perovskite solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes: sputtering a compact layer onto a light transmitting electrode, in which the compact layer has a thickness ranging from 20 nm to 120 nm, and a material of the compact layer is titanium dioxide; sputtering a roughened layer onto the compact layer, in which the roughened layer has a thickness ranging from 20 nm to 30 nm, and a material of the roughened layer is titanium dioxide; disposing a perovskite layer onto the roughened layer; disposing a hole transporting layer onto the perovskite layer; and disposing a back electrode onto the hole transporting layer.

Abstract: A composite electrode structure and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The composite electrode structure is used as a back electrode of a perovskite solar cell. The composite electrode structure includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. The first conductive layer is used to connect with an electron transporting layer or a hole transporting layer. A material of the first conductive layer is a first light transmitting conductive oxide. The second conductive layer is disposed on the first conductive layer. A material of the second conductive layer is a second light transmitting conductive oxide or a conductive metal.

Abstract: An electrochromic device with side-by-side structure including a common electrode unit, at least one color-changing unit and an electrolyte layer is provided. The common electrode unit includes an electrode layer and an electrode protection layer disposed on the electrode layer. The color-changing unit includes a transparent conductive layer and a color-changing layer disposed on the transparent conductive layer. The common electrode unit and each color-changing unit are arranged on the same plane with an insulating region between two adjacent units. The electrolyte layer covers and connects the electrode protection layer of the common electrode unit and the color-changing layer of each color-changing unit.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a panel, a backlight module, a first circuit, and a second circuit. The backlight module and the panel are disposed correspondingly. The first circuit includes a system circuit module. The second circuit includes a panel timing controlling module and a backlight timing controlling module. The backlight timing controlling module receives a first signal transmitted from the system circuit module and provides a backlight controlling signal to the backlight module. The panel timing controlling module receives a second signal transmitted from the system circuit module and provides a panel controlling signal to the panel. Another electronic device is also provided, such that the first circuit includes the system circuit module and the backlight timing controlling module.

Abstract: An electrochromic device with side-by-side structure including a common electrode unit, at least one color-changing unit and an electrolyte layer is provided. The common electrode unit includes an electrode layer and an electrode protection layer disposed on the electrode layer. The color-changing unit includes a transparent conductive layer and a color-changing layer disposed on the transparent conductive layer. The common electrode unit and each color-changing unit are arranged on the same plane with an insulating region between two adjacent units. The electrolyte layer covers and connects the electrode protection layer of the common electrode unit and the color-changing layer of each color-changing unit.

Abstract: A fire detecting system includes a plurality of detectors, and a computing unit coupled to the detectors. The detectors are configured for generating a plurality of detecting values, respectively. For each of the detectors, the detecting value is equal to a first predetermined value when a fire state is detected thereby, and is equal to a second predetermined value when otherwise. The computing unit sets a weight value for each of the detectors and a threshold value, and is configured to perform a weight correcting method for correcting the weight value of each of the detectors based on accuracy of operation of the detectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to neutralizing antibodies (immunoglobulins) which are specific for human IL-8 and bind to as well as neutralize human IL-8.

Abstract: An interface circuit for data transmission and the method thereof is described. The interface circuit includes a transmitter providing data through first data signals during the data periods corresponding to rising and falling edges of a clock signal, a transition detection unit selectively asserting a detection signal in response to the number of the first data signals having transitions between every two adjacent data periods, a transition reduction unit generating second data signals by outputting the inverted and non-inverted first data signals respectively when the detection signal is asserted and de-asserted, and a receiver restoring the data from the second data signals and the detection signal.

Abstract: A fire detecting system includes a plurality of detectors, and a computing unit coupled to the detectors. The detectors are configured for generating a plurality of detecting values, respectively. For each of the detectors, the detecting value is equal to a first predetermined value when a fire state is detected thereby, and is equal to a second predetermined value when otherwise. The computing unit sets a weight value for each of the detectors and a threshold value, and is configured to perform a weight correcting method for correcting the weight value of each of the detectors based on accuracy of operation of the detectors.

Abstract: An electricity detecting system includes a detector module operable to generate a plurality of source electricity values of a target electricity value, and a computing unit coupled to the detector module and receiving the source electricity values therefrom. The detector module includes a plurality of detectors, and each of the source electricity values is obtained using a respective one of the detectors. The computing unit is configured to determine weight values corresponding to the source electricity values while taking into account accuracy of the latter, and to determine a verified electricity value corresponding to the target electricity value from the source electricity values and their weight values. The computing unit is further configured to exclude the source electricity values corresponding to the detectors that have experienced breakdown from determination of the verified electricity value.

Abstract: An interface circuit for data transmission and the method thereof is described. The interface circuit includes a transmitter providing data through first data signals during the data periods corresponding to rising and falling edges of a clock signal, a transition detection unit selectively asserting a detection signal in response to the number of the first data signals having transitions between every two adjacent data periods, a transition reduction unit generating second data signals by outputting the inverted and non-inverted first data signals respectively when the detection signal is asserted and de-asserted, and a receiver restoring the data from the second data signals and the detection signal.

Abstract: A channel estimator for use in wireless local area networks (WLAN's), characterized in that a channel estimation controller with a simplified recursive least square (RLS) algorithm and a data-reconstructor are employed to adjust the channel response in frequency domain during the delivery of a signal packet. Such adjustment is adaptively performed at anytime during the delivery of a signal packet so as to achieve fast convergence as well as accurate channel estimation.

Abstract: A frequency offset compensation estimation system and method for a wireless local area network. First, a preamble sequence of a frequency package is sent to a frequency offset estimation (FOE) device so that an initial frequency offset signal amount is obtained and sent to the frequency offset compensation (FOE) device for compensation. Then, the compensated signal is sent to a frequency offset residual phase estimation (FOS RPE) device so as to calculate an offset amount of the frequency and send it to the frequency offset residual phase compensation (FOS RPC) device for compensation. The present invention mainly employs a residual frequency offset estimation device (Residual FOE device) to estimate the residual frequency offset signal of each of the frequency signals compensated by the frequency compensation device and feedback it to the frequency compensation device for compensation.

Abstract: The invention provides an antibody or a fragment thereof having specific binding affinity for superficial zone protein (SZP) or a variant, fragment, or protein core thereof, wherein the binding affinity of the antibody or fragment thereof for human superficial zone protein is the same or greater than the binding affinity for bovine superficial zone protein in a competitive binding assay, IAsys analysis, or BIAcore analysis. The present invention further provides hybidoma cells that produce the monoclonal antibody and antibody reagent kits comprising the antibody or fragment of the invention. Further provided by the invention are methods of SZP detection, methods of diagnosing a degenerative joint condition, and screening methods related to the use of the antibody or fragment thereof.

Abstract: A frequency offset compensation estimation system and method for a wireless local area network. First, a preamble sequence of a frequency package is sent to a frequency offset estimation (FOE) device so that an initial frequency offset signal amount is obtained and sent to the frequency offset compensation (FOE) device for compensation. Then, the compensated signal is sent to a frequency offset residual phase estimation (FOS RPE) device so as to calculate an offset amount of the frequency and send it to the frequency offset residual phase compensation (FOS RPC) device for compensation. The present invention mainly employs a residual frequency offset estimation device (Residual FOE device) to estimate the residual frequency offset signal of each of the frequency signals compensated by the frequency compensation device and feedback it to the frequency compensation device for compensation.

Abstract: The invention provides an antibody or a fragment thereof having specific binding affinity for superficial zone protein (SZP) or a variant, fragment, or protein core thereof, wherein the binding affinity of the antibody or fragment thereof for human superficial zone protein is the same or greater than the binding affinity for bovine superficial zone protein in a competitive binding assay, IAsys analysis, or BIAcore analysis. The present invention further provides hybidoma cells that produce the monoclonal antibody and antibody reagent kits comprising the antibody or fragment of the invention. Further provided by the invention are methods of SZP detection, methods of diagnosing a degenerative joint condition, and screening methods related to the use of the antibody or fragment thereof.

Abstract: A channel estimator for use in wireless local area networks (WLAN's), characterized in that a channel estimation controller with a simplified recursive least square (RLS) algorithm and a data-reconstructor are employed to adjust the channel response in frequency domain during the delivery of a signal packet. Such adjustment is adaptively performed at anytime during the delivery of a signal packet so as to achieve fast convergence as well as accurate channel estimation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to SZP polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides. The invention further relates to methods of making and using the polypeptides and nucleic acids. Also, the invention relates to immortalized chondrocytes or SZP-producing cells and methods of using the cells. The invention also relates to a method of culturing immortalized or non-immortalized chondrocytes in serum-free medium. The invention also relates to a method of imaging an articular surface or synovium of a joint using detectably tagged SZP or detectably tagged SZP binding proteins.

Abstract: The invention provides an antibody or a fragment thereof having specific binding affinity for superficial zone protein (SZP) or a variant, fragment, or protein core thereof, wherein the binding affinity of the antibody or fragment thereof for human superficial zone protein is the same or greater than the binding affinity for bovine superficial zone protein in a competitive binding assay, IAsys analysis, or BlAcore analysis. The present invention further provides hybidoma cells that produce the monoclonal antibody and antibody reagent kits comprising the antibody or fragment of the invention. Further provided by the invention are methods of SZP detection, methods of diagnosing a degenerative joint condition, and screening methods related to the use of the antibody or fragment thereof.