Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for second language acquisition, using incrementally increasing in-line word and grammar substitution to increase comprehension and retention by presenting new material in an already-understood context. The systems, methods, and devices may be implemented in a range of embodiments, from books to computer systems, and generally use isolated word and phrase substitution with a translated word/phrase in the context of a base language document to convey the meaning of the translated word/phrase to the user by context.

Abstract: A shower curtain rod that employs a u-shaped bar mirroring the curvature of a bath tub to allow a shower curtain that attaches to the rod via ring type clamps to hang in a curved configuration, thereby reducing the chance of water splashing outside the shower area. Because the rod is continuous, i.e. has no attachment to the wall or any other structure, along the entire u-shaped portion, the side edges of the shower curtain are free to follow the u-shape of the bar as they are pulled by the user to close the shower curtain. Flexible ears are provided on each end of the u-shaped bar to hold the side edges of the shower curtain shut while allowing the curtain to be opened at either side. The rod is adjustable in length and attaches to the opposing walls of the shower by fasteners or via tension.