Abstract: The invention relates to methods of expanding, stimulating or activating T cells by modulating the spatial organization of signal molecules presented to the T cells.

Abstract: Arrays of separated lipid bilayers are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of using the arrays and methods of forming the arrrays. In addition, the invention provides useful systems and methods for selectively removing, collecting, and reconstitute lipid bilayers from specified regions of a surface. A stream of detergent solution is directed over a preformed bilayer, resulting in the removal of bilayer material. Diffusion-limited mixing between adjacent flows at low Reynolds number provides confinement of this stripping solution and, consequently, high precision. The freshly exposed surface allows formation of new connected bilayer when exposed to lipid vesicles. In conjunction with surface micropatterning and electrophoretic manipulation, the invention also provides a membrane-based separation/purification strategy.

Abstract: Methods are provided for generating mobile, membrane-associated biomolecules in a supported membrane, by the process of sequestering and collecting mobile and immobile populations of biomolecules. Populations of mobile biomolecules, but not those that are immobile, can be moved to a region through a variety of mechanisms, including passive diffusion or induced drift, generating a pure, mobile population of biomolecules. In some embodiments of the invention, complex substrates are utilized, e.g. substrates containing switchable barriers to lipid diffusion, including fluidic channels; removal of regions of lipid bilayer by blotting, and the like.

Abstract: A surface detector array device suitable for use with a biosensor is disclosed. The device is formed of a substrate having a surface defining a plurality of distinct bilayer-compatible surface regions separated by one or more bilayer barrier regions. The bilayer-compatible surface regions carry on them, separated by a film of aqueous, supported fluid bilayers. The bilayers may contain selected receptors or biomolecules. A bulk aqueous phase covers the bilayers on the substrate surface.

Abstract: The invention provides useful devices and methods for both studying interfaces between cell membranes, and integrating living cells with synthetic surfaces exhibiting complex lateral composition, organization and fluidity. Described is the fabrication of controlled interfaces between cells and synthetic supported lipid bilayer membranes.