Abstract: A wave washer includes an annular member surrounding an opening arranged to receive a pipe axially therethrough, the annular member having a plurality circumferentially spaced holes formed therein. The wave washer also has associated with it at least one spring portion protruding axially from the annular member between two of the holes. The wave washer can be used in a pipe joint to join a first pipe and a second pipe, each having a pipe end having a pipe flange and an adjacent sealing flange. The wave washer is positioned against an inner side of the pipe flange of the first pipe. The wave washer and the flanges of the first and second pipes are fastened based on the deflection of the annular member of the wave washer.

Abstract: A wave washer includes an annular member surrounding an opening arranged to receive a pipe axially therethrough, the annular member having a plurality circumferentially spaced holes formed therein. The wave washer also has associated with it at least one spring portion protruding axially from the annular member between two of the holes. The wave washer can be used in a pipe joint to join a first pipe and a second pipe, each having a pipe end having a pipe flange and an adjacent sealing flange. The wave washer is positioned against an inner side of the pipe flange of the first pipe. The wave washer and the flanges of the first and second pipes are fastened based on the deflection of the annular member of the wave washer.

Abstract: A hose assembly and a method of manufacturing a hose assembly are provided. The method includes providing an inner corrugated lining composed of a polymeric material, providing an outer hose assembly having a length that exceeds the target length and configured to receive the inner corrugated lining therethrough, concurrently drawing the inner lining through a reducing die and the outer hose assembly, and expanding the inner lining within the outer hose assembly to form an interference fit at least at ends of the inner lining and outer carcass. The outer hose assembly length is sufficient to compress to the target length upon the expansion of the inner lining.