Abstract: A frame timing adjustment apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes an ingress framing unit, an egress framing unit coupled to the ingress framing unit, and a framing control unit coupled to control the ingress framing unit and the egress framing unit. The ingress framing unit is configured to generate an adjusted frame by virtue of being configured to adjust a position of information within a frame. The egress framing unit is configured to frame on the adjusted frame. The framing control unit is coupled to control the ingress framing unit to generate the adjusted frame and the egress framing unit to frame the adjusted frame.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system are disclosed that more efficiently maps data into standard SONET concatenated payloads for transmission over established SONET networks. Framing information is added to a data stream to identify the beginning and ending locations of a payload. Next, the framed data stream is formatted into a non-standard STS-Nc packet. Two or more non-standard STS-Nc packets are combined to form a pseudo-standard STS-Nc packet that is supported by the established SONET network. According to one embodiment, a one Gbps Ethernet packet is framed using HDLC formatting, then formatted into an STS-24c packet. Two STS-24c packets are combined to form a pseudo-standard STS-48c packet. In addition, the one Gbps Ethernet packet can be stored and retimed to the SONET data rate and transmitted across an established SONET network.

Abstract: In a data transmission network, such as SONET, a method and apparatus for the generation of a path Alarm Insertion Signal (AIS) at the output of each of a number of concatenated pointer processors in response to a failure at the input of any one of the pointer processors. Each of the pointer processors has an input, an output and a bidirectional terminal that is coupled to a common node. Each of the pointer processors includes circuitry coupled to the input, the output and the bidirectional terminal that causes a predetermined logic level to be asserted at the bidirectional terminal in response to the appearance of an error signal at its input and that causes an AIS to appear at its output in response to either an error signal at its input or the assertion of the predetermined logic level at its bidirectional terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a synchronous optical network (SONET) includes ordering a plurality of signals of a first type in one or more line cards for transmit to one or more types of line cards, wherein the ordering of the first type of signals creates a plurality of independent signals of a second type, and transmitting the plurality of the first type of signals to the one or more types of line cards, wherein the independence of the signals of the second type permits the one or more types of signals of the second type to be in an arbitrary order.