Abstract: An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and kit for detecting soluble programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) protein are provided. The method includes the following steps: (1) contacting a sample to be tested with a solid carrier loaded with a first antibody of PDCD5 protein; (2) adding a second antibody of PDCD5 protein, which is capable to binding to a detecting label; (3) adding the detecting label and detecting the bound detecting label. The soluble PDCD5 in a biological sample from a mammal comprising human can be detected by the ELISA method and kit. The method and kit can be used for detecting the level of PDCD5 protein in plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid so that an auxiliary detection method, for diagnosis of autoimmune disease, inflammation (such as hepatitis), and tumor etc., determination of disease course, observation of therapeutic effect and prognosis and medical guidance, is provided.