Abstract: Miniature double-throw microwave switches are disclosed in this invention. In one embodiment a miniature double-throw electromagnetic switch for microstrip transmission lines is provided. A cantilever, which forms a part of an input transmission line, with a permanent magnetic film can be pulled down or pushed up by an applied magnetic field to make electrical contact with either one of two output transmission lines. The applied magnetic field is generated by applying a positive or negative current to a miniature electromagnetic coil mounted under the cantilevers. In another embodiment, a miniature double-throw microwave switch with two cantilevers attached to the input transmission line is disclosed for microstrip transmission lines. The magnetic polarizations of the permanent magnetic films on the two cantilevers are controlled in such a way that when a magnetic field is applied, one cantilever will be pulled downward to make electrical contact to a first output transmission line.

Abstract: Methods for the fabrication of dense wavelength division multiplexors (DWDM) are disclosed. In one embodiment, an array of micro membranes and an array of cavities for optical fibers are etched in a substrate. The distance between major surface of adjacent micro membranes is controlled during the etching step. Multilayer narrow band pass filters are then deposited on all micro membranes simultaneously by vacuum deposition methods. Due to the controlled separation between adjacent micro membranes, the central wavelength of transmission either increases or decreases from one membrane to another. In another embodiment, a micro machined structure containing a plurality of cavities and a slot for variable narrow band pass filter is fabricated. The variable narrow band pass filter is aligned with respect to the optical fibers to obtain a WDM.

Abstract: Methods for the fabrication of miniature electromagnetic microwave switches are disclosed in this invention. In one embodiment, on a dielectric substrate, miniature electromagnetic switches for coplanar waveguide transmission lines are fabricated. In another embodiment, miniature electromagnetic microwave switches are fabricated for microstrip transmission lines. The miniature microwave switches are built on a dielectric substrate and are accompanied by miniature electromagnetic coils on the back of the substrate. The switch is controlled by regulating the dc current applied to the electromagnetic coil. A switch is ON when a dc controlling current is applied to the electromagnetic coil and is OFF when the controlling current is cut off. A reverse dc current may also be applied to the electromagnetic coil to repel the top electrode from the bottom electrode. The use of reverse current will prevent the possible sticking of the two electrodes, thus, reducing the switching time.