Abstract: A method may formulate a composition to contain a predetermined dosage amount of choline and succinate in a molar ratio of choline to succinate of 2:1 that is effective to reduce a frequency and/or a severity of one or more symptoms selected from skeletal muscle weakness, skeletal muscle pain, low skeletal muscle tone, physical exercise intolerance, lack of muscular endurance, and loss of skeletal muscle mass in a human subject consuming the composition during an initial course of treatment. A method may provide to the human subject, the composition containing the predetermined dosage amount of choline and succinate in the molar ratio of choline to succinate of 2:1. In some examples, the composition may be formulated to increase skeletal muscle mass. In some examples composition may further include a nicotinamide component and/or a creatine component.

Abstract: A method and composition for enhancing synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mitochondria of brain cells of a human includes providing the composition including a synergistic compound of choline cation and succinate anion (2-) in a molar ratio of choline:succinate of 2:1 in the form of dicholine succinate (DiSu) in a daily dosage that synergistically increases ATP levels in brain cells. The method and composition are formulated to affect frequency and/or severity of various conditions by regulating ATP levels in brain cells. The method and composition are formulated to reduce rate of decline in the brain under conditions of cerebral hypoxia, e.g., due to aging, injury, illness, and the similar conditions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing symptoms of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction. In various examples, the methods include selecting a subject experiencing a symptom of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction and providing for consumption by the subject, a nicotinamide composition formulated to reduce a frequency and/or severity of the symptom. The nicotinamide composition includes a first component and a second component. In some examples, the first component includes nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside, or nicotinamide mononucleotide and the second component includes one or more salts that provide a choline cation and a succinate anion (2?). In certain examples, the molar ratio of the choline cation:succinate anion (2?):first component is between 2:1:0.01 and 2:1:1.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing symptoms of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction. In various examples, the methods include selecting a subject experiencing a symptom of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction and providing for consumption by the subject, a nicotinamide composition formulated to reduce a frequency and/or severity of the symptom. The nicotinamide composition includes a first component and a second component. In some examples, the first component includes nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside, or nicotinamide mononucleotide and the second component includes one or more compounds that provide a choline cation and a succinate anion (2?). In certain examples, the molar ratio of the choline cation:succinate anion (2?):first component is between 2:1:0.01 and 2:1:1.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing symptoms of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction. In various examples, the methods include selecting a subject experiencing a symptom of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction and providing for consumption by the subject, a nicotinamide composition formulated to reduce a frequency and/or severity of the symptom. The nicotinamide composition includes a first component and a second component. In some examples, the first component includes nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside, or nicotinamide mononucleotide and the second component includes one or more salts that provide a choline cation and a succinate anion (2?). In certain examples, the molar ratio of the choline cation:succinate anion (2?):first component is between 2:1:0.01 and 2:1:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions, in particular dietary compositions, that comprise a combination of choline cation and succinate anion (2?) and nicotinamide, and use of these compositions for maintaining and enhancing the brain energy metabolism in a human, and for preventing and treating symptoms and physiological conditions associated with an imbalanced, damaged or slowed brain energy metabolism in a human subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions, in particular dietary compositions, that comprise a combination of choline cation and succinate anion (2?) and nicotinamide, and use of these compositions for maintaining and enhancing the brain energy metabolism in a human, and for preventing and treating symptoms and physiological conditions associated with an imbalanced, damaged or slowed brain energy metabolism in a human subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dietary supplements, medical foods, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising an aqueous solution of salt of choline, wherein solution comprises a deuterium depleted water having content of deuterium from about 90 to about 135 ppm and 1H216O isotopologue up to 99.759%, in particular, the invention relates to an aqueous solution of succinate salt of choline, wherein the aqueous solution comprises said deuterium depleted water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dietary supplements, medical foods, or pharmaceutical compositions for use in the method of enhancement of cognitive function in healthy subjects and/or subjects person suffering from a cognitive deficit, comprising aqueous solution of a nutrient, wherein solution comprises a water having content of deuterium from 90 to about 135 ppm and 1H216O isotopologue up to 99.759%. In one embodiment of the invention relates to a succinate salt of choline as the nutrient.