Abstract: A new carbon allotrope is disclosed comprising an inner ring of 6 carbon atoms, which are characterized by hybridized sp2 bonds, as commonly found in graphite structure. Adamene further contains an outer ring of 12 outer carbon atoms which surround and are disposed in the same plane as the inner 6 carbon ring. The 12 carbons existing in the outer ring are characterized by sp3 hybridization, as seen in a diamond structure. The carbon allotrope additionally contains a ring of 12 carbon atoms disposed above or below the plane of the inner 6 carbon ring. These additional 12 carbons are characterized by sp3 hybridized bonding, found in diamond, and more specifically in hexagonal diamond, also known as Lonsdaleite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and useful synthetic carbon allotrope which contains multiple clusters of carbon atoms dispersed throughout the carbon allotrope. These clusters contain carbon atoms which are bonded to four other carbon atoms by sp2 hybridized bonds. The allotrope further contains multiple surrounding carbon atoms, which are bonded to each other by sp3 hybridized bonds. One of the multiple clusters of carbon atoms is centrally located within the carbon allotrope.

Abstract: The present invention provides a series of new and useful synthetic carbon allotropes. The carbon allotropes contain at least two inner hexagonal rings of 6 carbon atoms, which are characterized by hybridized sp2 bonds, as commonly found in graphene structure. The inner hexagonal rings are located in a central position within the carbon allotropes and bonded to each other in various configurations. Surrounding the hexagonal rings are additional carbon atoms, characterized by sp3 hybridized bonding, found in diamond, and more specifically in hexagonal diamond, also known as Lonsdaleite. These surrounding Lonsdaleite structures are bonded to and surround the inner hexagonal rings and support them in a central position within the carbon allotropes.

Abstract: A method of chemically extracting radium-228, rare earth metals, thorium, the decay products of thorium, and phosphates from thorium-containing ores. The method involves breaking thorium-containing ore into fragments, wetting the fragments with a concentrated strong acid to make a slurry, heating the slurry, passing the heated solution through a first anion exchange column, retaining metals and radium-228 captured on the resin, allowing the radium-228 ions to decay to actinium-228, purifying the actinium-228 fraction, sending the actinium-228 fraction through a capture column, eluting the captured thorium-228 with acid, removing radium from the solution, retaining the radium-228 fraction for isomer in-growth, retaining decay products from the radium-228, separating the REEs from the process stream; and eluting and retaining the REEs.

Abstract: Hollow glass microspheres obtained from fly ash (cenospheres) are impregnated with extractants/ion-exchangers and used to remove hazardous material from fluid waste. In a preferred embodiment the microsphere material is loaded with ammonium molybdophosphonate (AMP) and used to remove radioactive ions, such as cesium-137, from acidic liquid wastes. In another preferred embodiment, the microsphere material is loaded with octyl(phenyl)-N-N-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) and used to remove americium and plutonium from acidic liquid wastes.

Abstract: Hollow glass microspheres obtained from fly ash (cenospheres) are impregnated with extractants/ion-exchangers and used to remove hazardous material from fluid waste. In a preferred embodiment the microsphere material is loaded with ammonium molybdophosphonate (AMP) and used to remove radioactive ions, such as cesium-137, from acidic liquid wastes. In another preferred embodiment, the microsphere material is loaded with octyl(phenyl)-N—N-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) and used to remove americium and plutonium from acidic liquid wastes.