Abstract: The recovery of aluminum chloride from deactivated alkylation catalyst complexes by hydrogenation using hydrogen gas and an aluminum catalyst is disclosed. Using aluminum to catalyze the hydrogenation allows the reaction to proceed at a lower temperature and pressure while reducing the amount of hydrogen chloride present in the reactor thus reducing the corrosiveness and cost of the aluminum chloride recovery. Methods for batch, batchwise continuous, and continuous aluminum chloride recovery are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for separating coarse particles from TiO.sub.2 powder in a fine powder composition by the steps of: providing a system in which a source of the fine powder composition communicates with a minimally fluidizable bed of the fine powder composition within the system; delivering the fine powder composition from the source to the bed; imparting energy into the bed and delivering a fluidizing gas to the bed at a rate to cause the TiO.sub.2 powder and coarse particles of the fine powder composition to separate into a TiO.sub.2 powder phase and a coarse particle phase; removing the TiO.sub.2 powder from the system; and removing the coarse particles from the system.

Abstract: A process of converting high molecular hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight components in the presence of a homogenous catalysis system is disclosed. The catalysis system comprises a catalyst complex formed by the interaction of a metal halide-type Lewis acid, a protic Bronsted acid or Bronsted acid donor and a fluid hydrocarbon selected from a C.sub.2 -C.sub.14 alkane dissolved in a fluid hydrocarbon. The homogeneous catalysis system can be produced as a liquid phase or a supercritical fluid solution. The process is especially useful where the hydrocarbon feedstock consists of deasphalted oil or mixed paraffins. The hydrocrackate, especially that derived from paraffin feedstocks, has a carbon number distribution equivalent to that of the fluid hydrocarbon of the catalyst complex.

Abstract: A discrete catalyst and processes for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes under homogenous fluid conditions. The catalyst is formed by contacting, under fluid conditions, a homogenous fluid containing a paraffin hydrocarbon having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms with a Lewis acid/protic Bronsted acid pair to produce a discrete catalytic complex that is soluble in the fluid. The discrete catalyst is the reaction product of the acid pair and alkanes and includes hydrocarbon ligands of limited chain length rendering it soluble in the fluid. The catalyst is active for the alkylation of isoalkanes, under homogenous fluid conditions.

Abstract: A discrete catalyst and processes for the isomerization of alkanes and the alkylation of isoalkanes under homogenous fluid conditions. The catalyst is formed by contacting, under fluid conditions, a homogenous fluid containing a paraffin hydrocarbon having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms with a Lewis acid/protic Bronsted acid pair and a transition metal to produce a discrete catalytic complex that is soluble in the fluid. The discrete catalyst is the reaction product of the acid pair and alkanes and includes hydrocarbon ligands of limited chain length rendering it soluble in the fluid. The catalyst is active for the isomerization of alkanes and olefins, and the alkylation of isoalkanes, under homogenus fluid conditions.

Abstract: The present invention features the use of a particulate sorbent and a particulate FCC catalyst, which are physically separable, sequentially in the same FCC riser, followed by separation of commingled spent catalyst and sorbent particles from vapors, and the subsequent primary partial regeneration and heat up of spent sorbent particles and catalysts particles in an oxygen deficient burning zone, followed by physical separation of partially regenerated catalyst and sorbent particles, preferably using a cyclonic classifier to effect the separation. This is followed by secondary regeneration of the resulting segregated partially regenerated sorbent and catalyst streams in oxygen rich combustion zones to fully regenerate sorbent and catalyst particles.

Abstract: The present invention features the use of a particulate sorbent and a particulate FCC catalyst, which are physically separable, sequentially in the same FCC riser, followed by separation of commingled spent catalyst and sorbent particles from vapors, and the subsequent primary partial regeneration and heat up of spent sorbent particles and catalysts particles in an oxygen deficient burning zone, followed by physical separation of partially regenerated catalyst and sorbent particles, preferably using a cyclonic classifier to effect the separation. This is followed by secondary regeneration of the resulting segregated partially regenerated sorbent and catalyst streams in oxygen rich combustion zones to fully regenerate sorbent and catalyst particles.