Abstract: An educational apparatus is traversed horizontally for the purpose of increasing learning capabilities is pictured. The apparatus is in the design of a figure eight lying on its side longitudinally and laterally intersected at its center by a column and row of straight tracks 30. The apparatus is comprised of tracks, straight 30, arced 40, and curved 50, contiguously connected to one another and an octagon shaped distinct end coupler 96 used as a bridge to connect the non-contiguous ends of tracks, straight 30, arced 40, and curved 50. The distinct end coupler 96 is located in the center of the apparatus. The distinct end coupler 96 is not only a structure used to connect the non-contiguous ends of tracks but also a station from which a human receives instruction prior to traversing the apparatus and a portal used by a walking human to traverse from track to track in the proper direction and sequence, important for basic brain processing methods.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device including an electro-optical crystal substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; an optical waveguide path formed within a surface of the electro-optical crystal substrate; at least one electrode positioned above the optical waveguide path for applying an electric field to the optical waveguide path; and a silicon titanium oxynitride layer and a connecting layer for interconnecting the silicon titanium oxynitride layer to another surface of the electro-optical crystal substrate that is opposite to the surface in which the optical waveguide path is formed.

Abstract: A boat convertible from a single hull structure (like a kayak or canoe) to a dual hull structure (like a catamaran). The boat having a first hull, a second hull, and a spacer. The first hull and the second hull able to innerfit together to form the single hull. The first hull and the second hull able to, through use of the spacer, be rigidly spaced apart thereby forming the dual hull structure.

Abstract: A frequency shifted cavity apparatus for electromagnetic radiation. The cavity filters electromagnetic radiation wherein the instantaneous frequency increases and changes non-linearly in time. The cavity can optionally include an optical amplifier with sufficient gain to cause oscillation of at least one cavity mode.