Abstract: A wheel fastener alarm assembly is provided having a fastener body with a first portion defining a wrenching surface and a cavity, and a second portion with a threaded portion to attach and detach from a wheel of a vehicle. A sensor array is disposed in the cavity of fastener body to detect an attribute of the fastener body and generate an output signal based on the attribute of the fastener body. An antenna connected to the sensor array to transmit the signal to a remote location. A cap is secured to the first portion of the fastener body and covers the wrenching surface and the cavity opening to define a capped fastener body.

Abstract: A system for detecting and remediating a discharge of fuel from a fuel source facility is disclosed. The system can comprise a contamination detection subsystem configured to detect a discharge of fuel from the fuel source facility and a remediation subsystem configured to remediate contamination due to the discharge of fuel. A controller can automatically activate the remediation subsystem upon detection of a discharge by the contamination detection subsystem. The controller can automatically send a notification that a contamination has been detected and the remediation system has been activated. Alternatively or in addition, the controller can automatically send a notification that a contamination has been detected and the remediation system has been activated.

Abstract: Energy beams with different wavelengths or wavelength ranges may be passed through a gas sample in a test chamber. Ones of the energy beams may have wavelengths or wavelength ranges that are absorbed by particular gases. To determine whether any of those particular gases are in the gas sample, the loss of energy, if any, as the beams pass through the gas ample may be determined. The presence of one or more gases that do not absorb the energy beams may be determined by placing a chemical reactant that reacts with those one or more gases and then detecting a chemical reaction between the chemical reactant and the gas sample.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring an impedance between first and second nodes in an electrical circuit without removing components includes at least one current source to provide first and second currents or current signals of known values. First and second probes contact the respective first and second nodes to apply the first and second currents. A third common probe contacts the circuit at a common node that experiences the same current flow as between the first and second nodes. At least one voltage meter measures voltages corresponding to the first and second currents. A processor calculates the impedance based on the known values of the currents, and the measured values of the voltages.

Abstract: A real-time, or synchronous, sensor data acquisition system acquires physical characteristics or properties associated with a structure or physical system using a plurality of sensors coupled in series to a single cable. The sensors may sense vibration, noise, temperature, acceleration, pressure, strain, force, etc. The sensors transmit data along the cable at greater than 100 dB dynamic range, with a bandwidth between about 5 to 20 KHz, and in a digital, single bit wide data stream. The sensors include modulators to code the data signals with distinct codes. A receiver has a demodulator to decode and separate the data signals.

Abstract: A device for measuring an impedance between first and second nodes in an electrical circuit without removing components includes at least one current source to provide first and second currents or current signals of known values. First and second probes contact the respective first and second nodes to apply the first and second currents. A third common probe contacts the circuit at a common node that experiences the same current flow as between the first and second nodes. At least one voltage meter measures voltages corresponding to the first and second currents. A processor calculates the impedance based on the known values of the currents, and the measured values of the voltages.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied in a method and apparatus for utilizing inherently insulative material, such as the glass and epoxy resins used in construction of printed circuit boards, for construction of components in a time of flight mass spectrometer. By using printed circuit board materials, the present invention can take advantage of fabrication techniques for providing circuit traces on surfaces, from one side to another as a via, or embedded within the printed circuit material so as to be covered except where necessary to be exposed to make contact with other electrical devices. Embedded circuit traces also enable capacitive coupling to AC energy while maintaining electrical and physical isolation. Consequently, the present invention enables both invasive and non-invasive access to pressure and vacuum chambers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extending the dynamic range of a data acquisition device. A system of multiple anode detectors are used to increase the dynamic range of a time-to-digital converter. Multiple anodes enable the system to determine characteristics of a signal without distortion of the signal which normally occurs with large signals, or obscuring of the signal by noise which normally occurs with small signals. The data from the multi-anode system can be processed so that the total number of impacts of the signal on the multiple anodes are summed during selectable time frames and made available as multiple bit words. This approach combines virtually all the advantages of a transient digitizer with the advantages of a time to digital converter when acquiring signals from pulse-based detectors such as microchannel plates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating a human mastoid is disclosed. The apparatus includes a diaphragm having a mass, springiness and damping means sufficient to more closely replicate the impedance of a human head bone and skin overlying the same, than prior art testing devices. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes placing the diaphragm over the central opening of an artificial ear and placing a bone conduction hearing aid on top of the diaphragm. A microphone disposed below the opening measures the sound generated by the vibration. These measurements provides an indication of whether the bone conduction hearing aid is functioning properly. The apparatus and method are not only easier to use and less expensive than prior art devices and methods, they are also as accurate, if not more accurate.

Abstract: A method for detecting extent of cross-linking of a high impedance polymer material during a pre-cure state, the method including: placing an insulated ground plane adjacent to the polymer material and substantially parallel to a sensor; applying a test signal through a sensor to the material and through a reference resistance; determining a voltage difference between the test signal applied to the material and the reference resistance as the reference voltage; and correlating the voltage difference as a relative indicator of the extent of cross-linking which has occurred within the polymer material. Also disclosed is a device for implementing the subject method.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating a human mastoid is disclosed. The apparatus includes a diaphragm having a mass, springiness and damping structure sufficient to more closely replicate the impedance of a human head bone and skin overlying the same, than prior art testing devices. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes placing the diaphragm over the central opening of an artificial ear and placing a bone conduction hearing aid on top of the diaphragm. A microphone disposed below the opening measures the sound generated by the vibration. These measurements provides an indication of whether the bone conduction hearing aid is functioning properly. The apparatus and method are not only easier to use and less expensive than prior art devices and methods, they are also as accurate, if not more accurate.

Abstract: An intensity acoustic calibrator is disclosed including at least two wave guide channels. A speaker adjacent each wave guide channel emits sound to develop a standing wave pattern at the opposing end of the channel. The test microphone is positioned in the calibrator so as to be in acoustic communication with the wave guide channel so that the microphone can be calibrated respective to the standing wave pattern. By having two separate wave guide channels and speakers, the test microphones can be subjected to arbitrary magnitude changes and phase differentials. Additionally, a reference microphone may be positioned adjacent each wave guide channel to monitor the sounds generated by the speakers to ensure that the speakers are emitting sounds at the desired magnitude, phase, etc.