Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about 35 to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size of up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing 2,4-dihydroypyridine comprising heating a compound of the formula A wherein R is H, alkyl or aralkyl and phosphoric acid where the ratio of phosphoric acid to water is not less than about 27 to 1 weight %. The invention is also directed to a process for preparing 2,4-dihydroy-3-nitropyridine comprising reacting 2,4-dihydroypyridine with nitric acid. The processes of the present invention prepare intermediates which are useful in preparing compounds which are useful for treating cardiovascular disease marked by hypertension or myocardial ischeria, ameliorating ischemic injury or myocardial infarct size, or treating hyperlipidemia or hypercholesterolemia.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about 35 to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size of up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing 2,4-dihydroxy-pyridine comprising heating a compound of the formula A wherein R is H, alkyl or aralkyl and phosphoric acid where the ratio of phosphoric acid to water is not less than about 27 to 1 weight %. The invention is also directed to a process for preparing 2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine comprising reacting 2,4-dihydroxypyridine with nitric acid. The processes of the present invention prepare intermediates which are useful in preparing compounds which are useful for treating cardiovascular disease marked by hypertension or myocardial ischemia, ameliorating ischenic injury or myocardial infarct size, or treating hyperlipidemia or hypercholesterolemia.

Abstract: Products containing carbon fibrils having a morphology of vermicular tubes that are free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat and have graphitic layers, wherein the length of the projection of the graphitic layers on the fibril axis extends along the axis for a distance of at least two fibril diameters. The fibrils are used to form composites, adsorbents and mats.

Abstract: A volume of carbon fibrils that includes a multiplicity of fibrils having a morphology consisting of vermicular tubes that are free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat and have graphite layers that are substantially parallel to the fibril axis and a process for preparing such fibrils.

Abstract: This invention relates to fibrils. It more particularly refers to carbon/graphite fibrils and to an improved process for producing such. Carbon fibrils as used herein means graphitic fibrils having high surface area, high Young's modulus of elasticity and high tensile strength which are grown catalytically from available sources of carbon.

Abstract: A method for forming thin films on substrates. The method includes the steps of forming a self-assembled monolayer film on a substrate where one end of the monolayer bonds to the substrate and the other end forms a surface capable of initiating the formation of a desired film. A preferred method of the invention involves formation of diamond layers over substrates.

Abstract: A catalytic synthesis of chromans in racemic or optically active forms, including intermediates thereto; the synthesis employs an asymmetric palladium (II) catalyzed oxidative cyclization of a 2-homoallylphenol and provides intermediates useful in making chromans, especially vitamin E in racemic or optically active forms.