Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: A catalyst useful in the manufacture of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by the catalytic reaction in the vapor phase of a paraffin selected from propane and isobutane with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the reactants in a reaction zone with a catalyst, the feed composition having a mole ratio of the paraffin to ammonia in the range of about 1.0 to 10 and a mole ratio of paraffin to oxygen in the range of about 1.0 to 10, wherein said catalyst has the elements in the proportions indicated by the empirical formula:MO.sub.a V.sub.b Sb.sub.c Ga.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.xwhereX is one or more of As, Te, Se, Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, B, In, Ce, Re, Ir, Ge, Sn, Bi, Y, Pr, an alkali metal, and an alkaline earth metal, preferably Nb, Ce, Fe, Ge, Sn, In, As, Se, and B, especially preferred being Nb,a equals 1,b equals 0.0 to 0.99, preferably 0.1 to 0.5,c equals 0.01 to 0.9, preferably 0.05 to 0.5,d equals 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.01 to 0.4,e equals 0.0 to 1.

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd--M--A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %, comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd--M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding a gaseous mixture comprising ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd-M-A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %,comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd-M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fluid bed vinyl acetate (VAM) catalyst comprising impregnating a support comprising a mixture of substantially inert microspheroidal particles with a solution comprising a halide-free metal salt of Pd and M, wherein M comprises Ba, Au, La, Nb, Ce, Zn, Pb, Ca, Sr, Sb or mixtures thereof, reducing the metal salts to form a deposit of Pd and M on the support surface and impregnating the support with at least one halide-free alkali metal salt. At least 50% of the particles used for the microspheroidal support have a particle size below 100 microns, preferably below 60 microns.

Abstract: A fluid bed process for the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen comprising feeding a gaseous mixture comprising ethylene and acetic acid into a fluid bed reactor through a first inlet, introducing the oxygen into the reactor through a second inlet, co-joining the oxygen, ethylene and acetic acid in the reactor in contact with a fluid bed catalyst to produce vinyl acetate. The particle size diameter of the particulate catalyst material has a range of 60% of the particles being below 200 microns (0.1 mm) with no more than 40% of the particles being below 40 microns (0.04 mm).

Abstract: A process of producing a fluid bed oxacylation catalyst for olefins and diolefins having the following formula Pd-M-A whereM=Au, Cd, Bi, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, U and mixtures thereof,A=an alkali metal or mixture thereof, andM is present in the range of from 0 to 5 wt %, comprising milling a fixed bed oxacylation catalyst precursor comprising Pd-M on a fixed support with a fluid bed catalyst aqueous binder material to form a uniform aqueous slurry, drying the aqueous slurry to remove the water to form microspheroidal particles of solid fluid bed catalyst precursor, impregnating the microspheroidal particles with a solution of alkali metal salt to form the fluid bed catalyst. The catalyst is particularly useful in the manufacture of vinyl acetate from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for oxidizing a paraffin hydrocarbon containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms and no quaternary carbon atom to an olefin having the same number of carbon atoms as said paraffin by contacting said paraffin in a reaction zone with molecular oxygen and a VAPO-5 microporous molecular sieve as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonia comprising selecting a catalyst precursor characterized by the formula:A.sub.y M.sub.a [M'(CN).sub.c ].sub.b .multidot.n H.sub.2 OwhereinA is an alkali or alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;M is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Sc, Lu and Y or mixtures;M' is a group VIII metal, preferably Fe, Co, Ni or Ru or mixtures;a=0.1 to 4;b=0.1 to 4;c=4 to 6; andprovided that the catalyst is free or substantially free of Al or the combination of Al and U, activating the precursor by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and pass N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 over the activated catalyst to produce ammonia.

Abstract: The process of producing high surface area mixed metal oxides comprising selecting a precursor characterized by the following formula:A.sub.x M.sub.a [M'(CN).sub.c ].sub.b.nH.sub.2 Ox=0-4;a=0-4;b=0.1-4;c=4-8;n=0-30;A=alkali, alkaline earth metal, Al, Si or mixtures;M=rare earth metals, transition metals or mixture thereof; andM'=transition metal capable of forming a cyanide (e.g. Group VIA-VIII A) or mixture thereof,and heating the precursor at a temperature rate of below 1.degree.C/minute in a controlled atmosphere consisting essentially of O.sub.2 and an inert gas to a temperature sufficient to decompose the precursor and produce the mixed metal oxide.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out a photochemical reaction incorporates a housing (11) and a lid (15), removably affixed thereto, which together define a reaction chamber (20). The lid has an axial opening (26) therein for the passage of a light beam therethrough. Means for transmitting light energy (30) within the reaction chamber (20) having a tapered end (31) optically communicating in a sealed disposition with the axial opening (26), extends into the reaction chamber (20) and terminates in a uniquely configured end (32). The light beam received by the tapered end (31) of the means for transmitting light energy (30) is controllably dispersed within the reaction chamber (20) by the uniquely configured end (32). As such, it is possible to use an external light source to activate a photochemical reaction of the reactants, and/or a photocatalyst, contained within the reaction chamber (20). Methods for carrying out photochemical reactions in the aforementioned apparatus are likewise embodied herein.

Abstract: A novel process for the isomerization of olefins which employs a photocatalytic mixed metal cluster, wherein a solution of the olefin and the cluster is irradiated causing the cluster to become catalytically active and to isomerize the olefin. The photocatalytic mixed metal cluster has the empirical formula:(C.sub.n R.sub.n ').sub.a Fe.sub.b M.sub.c (CO).sub.d L.sub.ewherein n is five; wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, formyl, bromine, chlorine and fluorine; wherein M is a transition metal other than iron selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ru, Rh, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn; wherein L is a Group V type ligand; and further wherein a is from about one to five, b and c are from about one to five and b plus c is between two and six, d is from about five to 18 with the proviso that d is always equal to or greater than b plus c, and e is from about 0 to 18.