Abstract: A method and apparatus for thoracoscopic surgery uses a hinged, ring-handled forceps having a length of approximately 12-13 inches inserted through a small incision without a cannula. Portions of the forceps extending from the hinge are straight and substantially parallel to each other when the jaws are closed. The forceps is then inserted into the patient's thoracic cavity through the incision until the hinge axis is approximately at the location of the incision. The jaws are then spread apart without significantly expanding the incision. Straight, side-curved, C-shaped and S-shaped instruments are described. Ratchet teeth disposed at a pitch of less than 0.1 inch are used to achieve small steps in jaw positioning.

Abstract: In thoracoscopic surgery digital palpation of intrathoracic anatomical structures is facilitated by the use of a rigid finger sheath which prevents the forces exerted by the patients ribs from causing numbness in the surgeon's finger. The finger sheath has an enlarged end which prevents it from falling into the patient's thoracic cavity.