Abstract: A method of treating a headache, e.g., a migraine, in a subject is provided. The method comprises administering a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject, thereby treating the headache. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

Abstract: A method for degrading a biofilm on a surface is provided. A method of preventing formation of a biofilm on a surface is provided. The method includes administering, e.g., applying, ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, e.g., a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing bacteria, to the surface. Preparations comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms for biofilm treatment are also provided.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the urogenital system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the urogenital system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the urogenital system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the urogenital system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including urogenital disorders and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

Abstract: The systems and methods of the disclosure provide, inter alia, consumer products, e.g., finished consumer products that may be considered to be “biome-friendly” or “biome-compatible.” The systems and methods of the disclosure may provide for use of consumer products, e.g., finished consumer products, that may be used in combination with bacteria, e.g., non-pathogenic bacteria, e.g., ammonia oxidizing bacteria, which may be used in the form of a preparation or composition to be applied to a surface and/or to be used by a subject.

Abstract: Devices and methods for microbiome sampling and evaluation are disclosed. Devices including a capture substrate having first and second regions suitable for first and second analytic methods, respectively, are disclosed. Methods for collecting the microbiome sample with such devices are disclosed. Methods of evaluating the microbiome sample collected with such devices are disclosed. Kits including the devices for sampling and evaluating microbiome samples are also disclosed.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

Abstract: A method of treating a disorder in a veterinary subject is provided. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the veterinary subject, thereby treating the disorder. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in a veterinary subject, treating skin of a veterinary subject, and treating a systemic condition in a veterinary subject are also provided. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides, inter alia, an optimized strain of Nitrosomonas eutropha (N. eutropha) designated D23, D23-100, or AOB D23-100. N. eutropha bacteria disclosed in this application have desirable properties, e.g., optimized properties, such as the ability to suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria, and an enhanced ability to produce nitric oxide and nitric oxide precursors. The N. eutropha herein may be used, for instance, to treat diseases associated with low nitrite levels, skin diseases, and diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the visual and auditory systems, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the visual and auditory systems, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the visual and auditory systems are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the eye are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the ear are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including eye disorders, ear disorders, and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

Abstract: A method of treating diaper rash in a subject is provided. A method of treating athlete's foot in a subject is provided. A method of treating contact dermatitis in a subject is provided. A method of treating perspiration and body odor in a subject is provided. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject, thereby treating the diaper rash, athlete's foot, contact dermatitis, or perspiration and body odor. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

Abstract: A method of treating pulmonary hypertension in a subject is provided. The method comprises administering a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject, thereby treating the pulmonary hypertension. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides, inter alia, systems and methods for testing products for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, quality control, and providing products with ammonia oxidizing bacteria. The systems and methods herein may be used, inter alia, to treat diseases associated with low nitrite levels, skin diseases, and diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Abstract: A method of treating a headache. e.g., a migraine, in a subject is provided. The method comprises administering a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject, thereby treating the headache. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

Abstract: A method for degrading a biofilm on a surface is provided. A method of preventing formation of a biofilm on a surface is provided. The method includes administering, e.g., applying, ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, e.g., a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing bacteria, to the surface. Preparations comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms for biofilm treatment are also provided.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the urogenital system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the urogenital system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the urogenital system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the urogenital system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including urogenital disorders and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

Abstract: Devices and methods for microbiome sampling and evaluation are disclosed. Devices including a capture substrate having first and second regions suitable for first and second analytic methods, respectively, are disclosed. Methods for collecting the microbiome sample with such devices are disclosed. Methods of evaluating the microbiome sample collected with such devices are disclosed. Kits including the devices for sampling and evaluating microbiome samples are also disclosed.

Abstract: The systems and methods of the disclosure provide, inter alia, consumer products, e.g., finished consumer products that may be considered to be “biome-friendly” or “biome-compatible.” The systems and methods of the disclosure may provide for use of consumer products, e.g., finished consumer products, that may be used in combination with bacteria, e.g., non-pathogenic bacteria, e.g., ammonia oxidizing bacteria, which may be used in the form of a preparation or composition to be applied to a surface and/or to be used by a subject.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

Abstract: A method of treating a disorder in a veterinary subject is provided. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the veterinary subject, thereby treating the disorder. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in a veterinary subject, treating skin of a veterinary subject, and treating a systemic condition in a veterinary subject are also provided. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.

Abstract: A method of treating diaper rash in a subject is provided. A method of treating athlete's foot in a subject is provided. A method of treating contact dermatitis in a subject is provided. A method of treating perspiration and body odor in a subject is provided. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject, thereby treating the diaper rash, athlete's foot, contact dermatitis, or perspiration and body odor. Related preparations, kits, and devices are also provided.