Abstract: Memory enhancement and recall, particularly with respect to declarative memory, uses olfactory stimulants during memory formation, preferably during memory consolidation, and optionally during memory recall. An apparatus has a reservoir (205) for containing an olfactory stimulant (202), a dispenser (210) for releasing the stimulant, and a controller (215) for activating the dispenser. The controller may respond to user input device (220) or a sensor (225) to trigger the dispenser. An optional display (230) may provide information to the user and allow the user to provide input instead of, or in addition to, the user input device. An optional personal reservoir also allows the user to release the olfactory stimulant upon demand.